Water Manual

Transcript

Waters Water Delivery Scheduling and Billing Software for Irrigation Districts User’s Manual Version 3.10, July 1999 Contents Section I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. Page Installing Waters.......................................................................................................................... 4 Starting Waters............................................................................................................................ 5 Creating a Database Set ............................................................................................................. 7 Entering Basic Data..................................................................................................................... 9 Scheduling Water Deliveries ..................................................................................................... 20 Printing Reports......................................................................................................................... 27 Backing Up Files ....................................................................................................................... 30 Accessing Text Files ................................................................................................................. 31 Annexes A. Database File Structures........................................................................................................... 32 Basic Requirements ® Waters is a 32-bit software application and only runs under Microsoft Windows 95, Windows NT 3.50 , or later versions of these operating systems. It will run on any computer that has one of these operating systems installed. You must have a mouse or other pointing device to use Waters, and you will also want a printer to be able to generate reports. You should know that computers with faster processors and with more memory will give better performance when running Waters. It is best to have at least 16 Megabytes of memory, but 32 MB or more are even better. Also, it helps to have a larger monitor. For example, a 17-inch monitor allows you to use higher screen resolutions and gives you more room to work than a 14- or 15-inch monitor. Very little generic information about using Windows 95 or Windows NT is given in this manual. Thus, it is assumed that the user is already comfortable with one or both of these operating systems, and with the terminology used to describe the basic user interface features of applications written for them. Dozens of ® excellent books on how to use Windows 95 and Windows NT are available in stores from Microsoft and from other vendors. Warranty Notice This user's guide and the Waters software may contain technical inaccuracies and typographical errors. Corrections and improvements will be periodically made to both the user's guide and software, and will be incorporated into future editions. Such changes will not be announced except where Utah State University is under contractual obligation to the United States Bureau of Reclamation to support and maintain the software. Utah State University does not warrant Waters for any specific purpose and does not assume any liability resulting from the use of the software. Waters User’s Manual Page 2 Version 3.10, July 1999 Waters Waters is a database application for performing many of the routine accounting and water delivery scheduling activities of irrigation districts and irrigation companies. You can use the program to manage various database files associated with water orders and billing, and to help organize the financial and water scheduling records. You can print reports with water user data, water orders, billing statements, contents of individual database files, and other cross-referenced database information. The kinds of database files used by this program are for water user data, canal and turnout data, information about irrigated fields, list of crop types, water order data, special billings, payments received from water users, and others. Database files can be automatically backed up each day, and you can also backup files at any time to a floppy disk or any other storage medium. In addition to the several database files, there is a layout file containing the canal system configuration, crop data, preferences and other important information. Waters is very easy to use! It was developed as a Windows 95 application and takes full advantage of the interactive and graphical features available in Windows. The functions in Waters are available through menu commands, buttons, and other standard graphical controls. Most of the windows have a Help button from which you can get immediate and context-sensitive information about that particular window and its use. There are dozens of options and user-specified settings to help accommodate individual preferences and styles. About the Development of Waters Waters was developed in collaboration with the United States Bureau of Reclamation, Provo Area Office, by the Software Engineering Division of the Biological and Irrigation Engineering Department at Utah State ® University. Gary P. Merkley of USU designed and developed the application using the Borland Delphi 3.0 programming tools. The original concept for this application was taken from earlier work by Mike Stuver of the Salt Lake City USBR regional office. Alan Christensen, Mike Stuver and Phil Greenland of the USBR provided extensive technical oversight, testing, and recommendations. Alan Christensen managed the development project and acted as the primary liaison between the USBR and USU. Roger Hansen of the USBR was the chief administrator for the project and Babukannan Kasilingam of USU assisted in programming, testing and providing training for Waters. This application is available through the USBR and directly from USU, and either may be contacted if you have questions, comments, or interest in obtaining future versions of the program. Comments, suggestions and questions are always welcomed. The mailing addresses, telephone numbers and e-mail addresses are: Alan Christensen U.S. Bureau of Reclamation 302 East 1860 South P.O. Box 51338 Provo, Utah 84605-1338 Gary P. Merkley Biological & Irrigation Engineering Utah State University Logan, Utah 84322-4105 Phone: (801) 379-1000 Fax: (801) 379-1159 Internet: [email protected] Phone: (435) 797-2785 Fax: (435) 797-1248 Internet: [email protected] Waters User’s Manual Page 3 Version 3.10, July 1999 I. Installing Waters Installing Waters to your hard disk is very simple. However, you cannot just copy the files to a folder on your hard disk – you must go through the installation procedure. The installation process can be started in two different ways, depending on whether you have downloaded an installation file from the World Wide Web (Internet) or have obtained the floppy disks. Installation from Floppy Disks The floppy disk installation involves three diskettes. If you have obtained Waters on floppy disks, you will need to insert the first disk (#1) into the drive, then run the program called SETUP.EXE. You can click on the Start button of Windows 95, then choose Run from the menu, and specify A:\SETUP.EXE as the program to run. If you are installing from drive B: the command would be B:\SETUP.EXE. You can also click on the Browse button to search for the SETUP.EXE file on drive A: or B:. Click on the OK button to begin the installation process. ® Alternatively, you could run the Windows Explorer , find the SETUP.EXE program on the floppy disk #1, highlight the file name and press the Enter key. You can also double-click on the file name in the ® Windows Explorer . The setup program will lead you through some preliminary steps, then will prompt you to enter disks #2 and #3. Installation from a Downloaded File If you have downloaded Waters from the World Wide Web or perhaps as an e-mail attachment, you should start the installation from the folder in which you have downloaded (copied) the file. The installation file, GoWaters.exe, is about three megabytes in size. Run this executable file to begin the installation process. Installation Options The install program will ask you to enter your name and company. Then you will click on the Next button and specify the installation folder (or directory). The default directory is C:\Program Files\USU\Waters, but you could change this to simply C:\Waters, or something else, if you wish. This is the folder where the Waters executable file will be copied. The help files are copied to the Windows\Help folder, which is where most applications keep there help files under the Windows 95 operating system. Sample data files are copied to a subfolder of your installation folder; you may wish to use these files to try out Waters at first. The Borland Database Engine (BDE) files are copied to Program Files\Borland\Common Files. At this point in the installation you can choose from the Typical, Compact, and Custom options. The Typical option will install everything, including the executable, help files and the BDE. The Compact option installs only the executable file. The Custom option allows you to specify exactly which program components to install. First-time installations should use the Typical option, unless the BDE is already on your computer. If you reinstall Waters, or install a new version of Waters, you can choose the Compact option. But be aware that if the BDE is not setup on your computer, Waters will not run. Waters User’s Manual Page 4 Version 3.10, July 1999 II. Starting Waters You can start Waters in many different ways: 1. Click on the Start button of Windows 95 to show the Start Menu, then click on Programs, then on Waters. 2. Click on the Start button, then on Run. When the Run window appears, click on the Browse button to find the Waters.exe file, then click on OK. ® 3. Find the Waters.exe file in the Windows Explorer and double-click on it. ® 4. Use the Windows Explorer to drag the Waters.exe file to the desktop, thereby creating a shortcut icon on the desktop. To do this you must not have the Explorer maximized (filling the entire screen) because in this case you don’t see any of the desktop space and cannot drag the file to the desktop. After dragging to the desktop, you can simply double-click on the icon whenever you want to start Waters. When Waters starts it will look for an initialization file that contains the working folder from the last time Waters ran. It will try to open the layout and database files in that working folder. If this is unsuccessful, Waters will tell you that the default layout will be used, and will ask you if you want to create a new data set. If the last working folder does not contain the required files and you choose not to create a new data set, you will have to try to open another data set (in a different folder). When you exit from Waters, the current working folder will be saved in an initialization file so that the layout and database files in that folder can be opened automatically the next time you start Waters. Depending on the backup option you specify in the Project Data window, Waters may try to backup database files on startup or upon exit. This type of automatic backup would be to a sub folder of the current working folder. See Entering Basic Data and Backing Up Files for more details. Opening a Data Set You can choose to open a data set by selecting File | Open from the menu. This will bring up a window from which you can specify the folder and name of the layout file. If you are using only one data set, it will not be necessary to explicitly open a data set in this way because the current working folder is always stored in the initialization file, and the data set at that location will be opened every time you start Waters. Saving a Data Set You can choose File | Save or File | Save As from the menu to save a data set to disk. The Save command only saves the layout file because database files are automatically updated as you enter, modify, and delete information from them through the Waters interface. Moreover, the layout file is automatically saved when you change layout data or exit from Waters, so it may not be necessary to use the Save command unless there are frequent power failures. The Save As command allows you to copy an existing data set to a different folder. Doing so is similar to creating a new data set, except that you probably wouldn’t be starting from blank files. You can save the layout file with a different name, but all database files will have the same names. Thus, you would not normally want to use the Save As command just to change the layout file name, but rather to move the entire data set to a different folder. By default, the layout file has an extension of WTR. Waters User’s Manual Page 5 Version 3.10, July 1999 Text Version of the Layout Data You may be interested in viewing a text (ASCII) version of the layout file. This file always contains a subset of the same information and has the same file name as the main layout file, but the file name extension is TXT instead of WTR. The WTR file is in binary format and is essentially inaccessible except through the Waters interface, but the TXT file can be viewed from any text editor or word processing application. Note that Waters only writes to the text file version of the layout data each time the WTR file is updated, yet it never reads from that file. So, you can modify the contents of the text file with an editor, but Waters will ignore any changes and will even write over them the next time you run Waters. Use the text file version of the layout data when you need to obtain a listing of information about the layout and some of the option settings. Enabling Full Menus Some of the features of Waters are inaccessible unless you enter a password to enable full menus. To enable full menus, choose File | Full Menus from the menu and enter the correct password. After typing in the correct password, click on the OK button. If the window remains, it means you did not enter the correct password and must try again, or else click on the Cancel button. You can then go back and disable some of the menu items, if desired, by choosing File | Normal Menus. If the Full Menus item is grayed, this means the password feature has been disabled and you will have access to the full menus without having to type in the password. The Toolbar At the top of the main window there is a horizontal toolbar with several buttons. You can see what these buttons do by passing the mouse cursor over each, pausing, and reading the brief description that is shown. All of the actions performed by clicking on a toolbar button can also be performed from the main menu, except for the five layout editing mode buttons. Generally, the toolbar is faster and more convenient to use than the menus. Waters User’s Manual Page 6 Version 3.10, July 1999 III. Creating a Database Set You must have a data set, consisting of several database disk files, before you can perform most of the functions in Waters. In addition to the database files, there is a required layout file that contains information about the configuration of canals, turnouts, option settings and other important features of the irrigation district. The information contained in the layout file is linked to the information contained in the database files, so it is important to keep them together in the same folder on your disk. Waters will complain with warnings and other messages if it cannot find all of the files it needs. A new data set can be created from Waters after you install it on your computer. It may be necessary to create one or more other data sets if you want to manage multiple separate irrigation districts from the same office. You can then switch between data sets through Waters when scheduling deliveries and so forth. However, you probably would not want to create a new data set at the beginning of each irrigation season because some of the information will stay the same. At the beginning of each season you can clear the water orders and other such data from the files, retaining the user information and layout. Creating a new data set means starting from scratch. You can create a new data set, with blank database files and default layout information, by selecting File | New from the menu. You will be asked to specify a folder in which to create the new data set, and you can even create a new folder at this time by clicking on the corresponding button. The name you give will be the name of the layout file, which by default has the extension WTR, and which is not in database format (unlike the others files used by Waters). The names of the several database files are exactly the same for every data set, so different data sets must be stored in different folders. After creating the new data set, you can begin entering values for users, fields, and so forth. Clearing Tables You can reset the orders, payments, special billings, and user data tables by choosing File | Clear Tables from the menu. Resetting tables is something that would normally be done at the beginning of a new irrigation season, after the existing database files have been backed up to permanent storage. But before you can do this you must have entered the correct password (assuming the password option is enabled). Check any combination of the boxes, from one up to five. At the beginning of a new season you would probably want to check all five of the boxes. Resetting water orders means clearing all orders, so that the next order will be order number one. Resetting payments means clearing all payments, and the next payment would be number one – the same is true for special billings. Resetting user shares means setting the remaining basic and extra shares to the amounts shown in the User Data window. Resetting the share transfer log simply erases the documentation for share transfers. Be careful! You should be sure to back up all existing database files before resetting any of the tables. This means backing up to a floppy disk or other removable medium that can be stored in a safe place. In fact, you would probably want to backup to more than one disk or tape, and keep them in separate locations. See the Section on Backing Up Files for more information. File Formats The layout file contains system layout information, options and other miscellaneous data needed by Waters. This file is stored on the disk in a binary format and cannot be accessed outside of Waters without knowledge of the exact file format and a computer program that can read the data (contact USU for the file format if necessary). However, as mentioned above, you can view a text version of the layout file. All other files are in Paradox database format, as defined by Borland International. This means that you ® can access the database files from Paradox, or from other Borland utilities such as Database Desktop . Thus, you can make custom reports, do special data analysis and sorting, and modify records as you Waters User’s Manual Page 7 Version 3.10, July 1999 wish. However, unless you are knowledgeable about database tables you will probably want to access the files only from Waters. If the database file formats become corrupted in any way, the BDE will not be able to access them properly through the Waters interface, so be careful about modifying the files outside of Waters. The Borland Database Engine (BDE) is used by Waters to perform low-level management of the Paradox database files, including all table operations, indexing and referential integrity. If you don’t already have the BDE on your computer, it is installed along with Waters. There are a number of separate database files used in Waters. Many of these are the various index files used to sort and link the tables. Some are temporary files used for calculated scheduling information, and some of the database fields in the tables are used internally by the program. Following is a list of file extensions and their interpretations: Extension DB VAL PX X01, X02, etc. Y01, Y02, etc. XG0, XG1, etc. YG0, YG1, etc. Interpretation Paradox database file Validity checks and referential integrity data file Primary index file Secondary single-field numbered index files. Secondary single-field numbered index files. Composite secondary index files. Composite secondary index files. Other types of database files can be used with Paradox, but the above types are the only ones used in Waters. And, in fact, the current version of Waters does not use any VAL files because range checking on individual values is now done internally. Waters User’s Manual Page 8 Version 3.10, July 1999 IV. Entering Basic Data Consider a logical sequence for entering data when you first use Waters. Much of the data would be entered once, and only infrequently changed or appended. For example, the list of water users and the names of crop types in your area would probably not change very often. Other types of data, such as water orders and payments received, may be entered and or modified (rescheduling orders, for example) on a daily or even hourly basis. The data entry sequence given below applies to the kinds of data that are infrequently entered, and the sequence is most applicable for setting up Waters for the first time in your irrigation district. From first to last, this is the recommended order for data entry: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Project data Employee data Layout data Flow measurement locations Crop data User data Field data You do not have to follow this order, but if you don’t then you may be going back and forth between different windows to update values for which the default was incorrect. Note that Field Data are entered in the same window as User Data. Note that most windows have popup menus that you can view by right-clicking with the mouse over the window. You can also usually display these menus by pressing the popup menu key on keyboards designed for use with Windows 95. Look for these menus in the different windows of Waters because they provide many important options and commands. Project Data These data include the project title, allocation proportions, volume of water per user share, water fee, share category titles, water order status messages, units, and options. You can click on the tabs at the top of the window to change data categories, which are described separately below. Most project data are stored in the layout file; the rest is in the initialization file. Project The project title is printed in the headings of reports and is also shown as the caption of the main window of Waters. This title would normally be the name of the irrigation district, irrigation company, or water user association. Report styles provide formatting options for printouts. The four report style categories are: (1) Bill statements; (2) Simple lists of items; (3) List of orders; and (4) Individual orders. All four categories have A and B options, but in the current version of Waters, only the selection for Individual orders affects printouts. For individual water orders, report style A is the same format as in previous versions of Waters, and style B is designed to accommodate a particular form used by one irrigation district. Waters User’s Manual Page 9 Version 3.10, July 1999 Style B is to be used with the following form for individual water orders: S.H. Canal Co. 465-4824 Water Users’ Record WATER USER’S REQUEST I desire water delivered to me as follows: Turn Take stream from: Out Stream Hours Sec. Pt. No. PHONE MONTH DAY AT DATE WATER IS WANTED NAME Begin STREET End SECOND FEET HOURS ACRE INCHES AC IN CREDIT Turn AFTER Out THIS TURN No. CITY & STATE ZIP CODE This request must be in office at least 4 days before water is wanted In future versions of Waters, additional report styles will be added to permit the use of other specialized or “standard” forms. Units Click on the desired unit option in each of the four types of units. The available area units are acres and hectares (ha). The volume units can be acre-ft or cubic meters. Flow rates can be in cubic feet per 3 second (cfs) or cubic meters per second (m /s). Distances can be in feet or meters. You can also specify user-defined units for each of the four types discussed above. By default, the names of the user-defined units are “unused”. You can change these to whatever units you like, such as miner’s inches for flow rate, also specifying a conversion factor between your user-defined units and the default for a particular type of unit. The user-defined values can be specified by editing the initialization file, which has a section called [Units] as shown below. [Units] DistName=unused AreaName=unused VolmName=unused FlowName=unused DistUnit=0.0000000 AreaUnit=0.0000000 VolmUnit=0.0000000 FlowUnit=0.0000000 The first four items are the names for the user-defined units, and the last four are the conversion values. The conversions are all zero by default, but when you change one of the unit names from “unused” to something else, you should also specify the conversion so that your units will be correctly interpreted in Waters User’s Manual Page 10 Version 3.10, July 1999 Waters. The conversion factor for distance is per ft, for area it is per acre, for volume it is per acre-ft, and for flow rate it is per cfs. For example, if you add “miner’s inches”, with 50 miner’s inches per cfs, as a third flow rate unit, you would change the FlowName line to “FlowName=miner’s inches” (without the double quotes) in the initialization file. Then change the last line to “FlowUnit=50.0” (again, without the double quotes). Decide on the units to be used at the beginning so that you don’t have to change them later. You should set the units to the values you want when first setting up the data set for an irrigation district or company, and not change them later. If you change the units in the middle of an irrigation season your volume per share, billing charges for water orders, and other information will change as a result. Shares There may be from 1 to 25 share categories, with the default being one. The use of multiple share categories is necessary when different water rights and billing rates are present in the irrigation district. Multiple categories may also be necessary when more than one company delivers water within an irrigated area. You can add and delete share categories by right-clicking over the window and selecting the appropriate popup menu item. You can change the name of a share category by modifying the text displayed in the edit box. If there is more than one share category you can click on the arrow button to scroll through them forward or backward. Each share category can have unique allocation, volume per share, and fee values. The “Volume/Share” indicates the acre-feet or cubic meters (for example) of water corresponding to one user share. Volume/Share is the amount of water allocated to users per share during normal years. The current year’s allocation percentage is the pro-rated amount of the Volume/Share value – if it is 100%, the Volume/Share is unaffected, but if it is 75% (for example) the current Volume/Share is taken as threequarters of the indicated value. Thus, the allocation value is intended to allow the irrigation district to uniformly reduce (prorate) water allocations in water-short years. The “Fee” value is the price the user is billed for each share of water already delivered, or scheduled to be delivered. For a given Fee value, the water will be more expensive per unit volume when the allocation is less than 100% (because a smaller volume of water would correspond to each share). Note that there are three billing options. The first option is the most general of the three and involves a fee based on the volume of water delivered as described above. The second and third options are new in this version of Waters. The second option, “Charge per delivery” negates the need for Allocation and Volume/Share values, and prompts the user for a fee in $/order instead of $/share. With this second option, water users are charged a fixed fee per delivery (or per order) and not by volume. However, the fee per delivery can be different for each of the different share categories that might exist. The third option, “No per order charge”, is for districts that do not charge a fee either per volume nor per delivery. With the second and third options, it would be common for the irrigation district to assess an annual or monthly water fee rather than for volume of water delivered. Annual and monthly fees can be posted in Waters as “Special Billings”. If possible, avoid changing the Allocation, Volume/Share, and Fee values during the irrigation season. When you change the values, previous billing statements may be rendered incorrect, and the remaining user shares can be affected. It is best to enter these values once at the beginning of the irrigation season, then do not change them until next season. Similarly, do not delete share categories for which water orders have been posted; otherwise, the order and billing information will be incorrect. Options There are four automatic file backup options. The default is Never, but you can also select from one of the other three options. Automatic file backup is the same as manual backup, as described in the section on Backing Up Files, and the same files are copied. The Always on exit option will cause backup to occur Waters User’s Manual Page 11 Version 3.10, July 1999 every time you exit from Waters. The Prompt user on exit option will only backup when exiting only if the user confirms this choice (each time). The last option is to backup once per day when the program is run; thus, no matter how many times you run Waters in a day, automatic backup only occurs the first time. The default start hour, duration and flow rate of all new water orders are also specified under this tab of the Project Data window. Click on the hour or type Ctrl-S to edit the start hour. Click on the duration or type Ctrl-D to edit the duration in days, hours and minutes. Edit the flow rate value in the edit box to set the default flow rate of a new order. These values are saved in the layout data file, so they are unique to a particular data set. Note that you can check the No new order defaults box to disable the three default values for new water orders. This option is designed to force the person entering the order to specify the start and end times, the duration and the flow rate, rather than simply accept the default values. Thus, this option may help avoid errors of omission or oversight in some cases. If the No new order defaults box is checked, the start and end times appear initially as question marks in the New Water Order window, and the duration of the order will be “Invalid”. In this case, a new water order cannot be posted until these values are explicitly specified for the order. You can check the Make Enter key work like Tab key item to make the Enter key behave like the Tab key in windows. When checked, typing the Enter key with the focus in an edit box will cause the focus to move to the next control. When this option is unchecked (the default state), the Enter key will usually cause the window to close. This option is for the convenience of users who are more familiar with MSDOS applications than Windows programs, and checking the option makes Waters work differently that most Windows programs. It is best to get used to pressing the Tab key instead of Enter when typing values into edit boxes. User Special The “User Special” tab is for the text that is associated with the special category check boxes in the User Data window. If you give a special category a blank name it will be omitted from the User Data window. Status Status messages are used to distinguish between water orders. You can have from 1 to 32 different messages, and each must be in one of three classifications. The default layout has three status messages - one for each classification. You can add and delete messages by right-clicking and choosing from the popup menu. You can scroll through the messages by clicking on the arrow buttons. Edit a message by modifying the text in the edit box. Change classifications for a message by clicking on the appropriate button: (1) Delivered as ordered, (2) Delivered, but with changes, and (3) Not delivered. The classifications are used to sort orders for performing some of the scheduling and billing functions. For example, orders that were placed, and then changed to Not Delivered are considered to have been canceled and are not reflected in billings, nor in the scheduling graphs. Status messages are specified for each individual order in the Water Order Status window. The Delivered as ordered classification would normally be associated with only one status message, but the other two classifications may have multiple messages. There might be many reasons why an order is changed or canceled (user requested a change, canal capacity was exceeded, irrigation district imposed a change, emergency repairs were required in the canal system, etc.). The word “Default” is shown in bold letters for the message that is initially assigned to all new water orders. The default message would usually have the Delivered as ordered classification, but you can set it to any of the messages. For example, some irrigation districts assume that orders will not be delivered until they are confirmed by the district or water user. In this case, you could add a status message like “Pending confirmation”, then click on the Not Delivered order classification button, and then set it as the default. You set the default message by right-clicking to bring up a menu, then selecting the Set to Waters User’s Manual Page 12 Version 3.10, July 1999 Default Status item. You can jump directly to the default message (if it isn’t already displayed) without scrolling by clicking on the text “Status Message” in this window. Click on the OK button to accept all changes to the project data, or on the Cancel button to disregard any and all changes to the information. Pressing the Esc key has the same effect as clicking on the Cancel button. Layout Data The layout of canals is shown graphically on the main window of Waters. The layout contains a single source node and one or more canal nodes. Bifurcation nodes can also be present in the layout. Turnouts can be inserted into and deleted from individual canals, and fields can be linked to individual turnouts. All of the layout information is stored in the layout file, except for field data, which are contained in a corresponding database file. You can edit the layout only when full menus are enabled. Canals and bifurcations are added and deleted graphically with the mouse on the layout window, and turnouts are added and deleted through menu commands in a tabbed window with node names and parameters. You can move nodes around in the layout window so that the layout looks like a schematic map of the delivery system. Note that in editing the layout, it may be helpful to enlarge the main window to fill the screen, thereby enlarging the space in which the layout is displayed. All node connections in the layout are represented by straight lines. Description of Layout Components Each layout has one source node at the furthest upstream location in the system, from which all water originates. You cannot add source nodes to a layout because the current version of Waters was not designed to handle allocation decisions between multiple supply sources. Canals are reaches of an openchannel delivery system. However, in general, a canal can be taken to be any conduit for conveying and distributing water to turnouts. Thus, a “canal” could actually be a pipe, ditch, inverted siphon, aqueduct, flume, or other type of water conduit. Decide how to define canals by breaking the system up into reaches. A reach may be defined as a length of canal between two regulating structures or in-line pumps, or it could be taken as an entire branch or lateral of a canal. You would generally want to break the system into more reaches where there are many turnouts. You should also divide the system into separate reaches at locations of significant capacity change. For example, if a canal has a sudden reduction in carrying capacity at a certain location, end one canal reach there and begin a new canal downstream from that point. Then you will be able to group turnouts by canal reach, and Waters can better check for capacity violations with multiple overlapping water orders. Turnouts are where water leaves the district’s delivery system and goes to a farmer, or to a channel that is operated and maintained by a group of farmers. You can define turnouts to be the delivery points to individual farms or fields, or to a branch canal that serves many users – it depends on how detailed you need to be in scheduling deliveries. A turnout may be a slide gate, a pump or other structure from which water is delivered to one or more users. Each field is linked to a turnout so that the delivery point for a water order for the field is clearly identified. You can specify default turnout values by selecting the Set turnout defaults item from the popup menu. When a new turnout is added, it will take the default name, location, capacity, canal and route (linked to employee data) values. If the default name is blank, new turnouts will be given names like “Turnout #7”, otherwise the default name that you specify is used for all new turnouts. You can reset the default values as often as needed. Layout Editing Modes Waters User’s Manual Page 13 Version 3.10, July 1999 The five layout editing modes are: Select Node, Move Node, Delete Node, Insert Canal, and Insert Bifurcation. Each of these modes are represented by five buttons on the tool bar, of which only one button can be depressed (selected) at a time. You can change layout editing modes only by clicking on the toolbar buttons. Each mode has a specific cursor shape when the cursor is over the main window. You should try changing to different modes and moving the cursor over the layout to familiarize yourself with the different cursor shapes. Note that these five buttons are only enabled when full menus are enabled; otherwise, the editing mode is fixed at Select Node. Layout Display Options Right click the mouse button with the cursor over a blank area of the main window to see a popup menu. From this menu you can specify various display options for the canal layout. For example, you can specify node shapes and sizes, and font attributes for node names. You can also have turnout locations displayed in the layout window if you wish, and you can have arrowheads shown at the downstream end of each reach to indicate the direction of flow. Note, however, that if there are many turnouts per reach, it may not be very useful to display turnout locations because they will tend to merge together. Turnout locations are indicated on the layout by small green circles. Don’t be afraid to try the options and see how they work – they only affect the display of the layout on the screen. But note that this options menu will appear only if you have full menus activated. The specification of canal line colors and line thicknesses can be made for each individual reach through the Canals tab sheet of the Layout Data window (see below). Basic Layout Editing Selecting a Node: You can select a node by clicking on the Select Node button on the toolbar, then clicking over a node in the layout. The node color will change to red. If you press the Enter key when a node is selected, a window will appear in which you can edit the parameters (name, etc.) for that node. You can also double-click over a node to simultaneously select the node and bring up the parameter editing window. Press the Esc key or click on a blank area of the layout to deselect the node. Only one node can be selected at a time. Moving a Node: To move a node, click on the Move Node button on the toolbar, then click on a node and drag it to the desired location, then release the mouse button. Move a group of nodes by pressing and holding down the shift key while clicking on a node. The group of nodes will be all those that are downstream from the node you clicked on, so if you click on the source node you can move the whole layout. You can cancel a move if you click the right mouse button, or press the Esc key, before releasing the left mouse button. Deleting a Node: To delete a node, click on the Delete Node button on the toolbar, then click over the node to be deleted. If you click on a bifurcation node, all downstream nodes will also be deleted. If you click on a canal node that has a bifurcation node upstream and no downstream connection, both the bifurcation and canal node will be deleted. Note also that Waters checks for turnouts and fields when you delete one or more canal nodes – if there are any turnouts and fields in any of the canals to be deleted, you will have to confirm whether or not you really want to delete the canal(s). Inserting a Canal: A new canal node can be inserted into the layout by clicking on the Insert Canal button on the toolbar, then clicking anywhere over the layout window. One or two connecting lines will be drawn on the layout window, and these will stretch as you move the cursor around on the screen. As soon as you release the mouse button, the new canal node will be inserted at that location, and the connections to adjacent nodes will be reestablished. You can see where the new reach will be inserted in the layout by the temporary lines that are displayed – just move the mouse around until the new node is where you want it to be. If it is not inserted exactly where you had wanted, then change the edit mode to Move Node and reposition it. Cancel insertion by pressing the Esc key, or by clicking on the right mouse button, before releasing the left mouse button. If you insert a canal accidentally, simply change the edit mode to Delete Node and erase it. Waters User’s Manual Page 14 Version 3.10, July 1999 Inserting a Bifurcation: New bifurcation nodes can be inserted similar to new canal nodes. A new bifurcation node is always inserted in the middle of two existing and adjacent nodes (on top of an existing line in the layout), but it can be moved after the insertion. When you insert a new bifurcation node, a new canal node will also be inserted downstream. In fact, the new canal node will be located where the mouse cursor is at the time you release the left mouse button. So, to insert a bifurcation, click near an existing canal reach, drag the cursor away to where you want the new reach node to be located, then release the mouse button (don’t just click and release at the same spot on the layout, otherwise you might have the new reach node on top of the new bifurcation node). Cancel insertion by pressing the Esc key, or by clicking on the right mouse button, before releasing the left mouse button. Zooming in on a Portion of the Layout In some cases the layout will become complex with many reaches and bifurcations, and this may make it difficult to edit the layout without being able to zoom in on one part of the display. You can zoom in on a rectangular portion of the layout by holding the Ctrl key down, clicking the left mouse button over the layout window, dragging to another location on the window, and releasing the left mouse button. Don’t release the left mouse button until you have dragged to another location. These actions draw a box around a subarea of the layout, then when you release the mouse button the area within the box is expanded to the full size of the layout window. When a portion of the layout is zoomed, you can hold down the Ctrl key and click the left mouse button anywhere over the layout window to zoom back out to 100%. You cannot successively zoom in on smaller and smaller parts of the layout - instead, you must zoom in, zoom back out, then zoom in again, and so forth. Before releasing the left mouse button, click on the right button or press the Esc key to cancel the zoom operation. You can perform all editing functions in a zoomed-in part of the layout, just as you can when zoomed out to 100%. But note that if you make a zoom rectangle that isn’t proportional in height and length to the layout window, the zoomed layout will appear distorted (compressed vertically or horizontally). When you exit Waters the zoom portion is remembered, so the next time you start Waters you will see exactly the same layout display. Editing Node Names and Parameters These data include node names, capacities, locations, and other information about the layout components. You can edit node names and parameters by: (1) selecting Edit | Layout Parameters from the menu; (2) pressing the Enter key when a node in the layout is selected; or (3) double-clicking over a node in the layout. Source: Enter the name of the source node and the flow rate capacity of the source. There can be only one source node. Flow rate units are set in the Project Data window. Canal: Enter the canal name, length, lag time, flow rate capacity, and conveyance loss. The conveyance loss is specified as a percentage of the flow in the canal. There may be up to 256 canals in the layout. Flow rate and length units are set in the Project Data window. You can specify the line thickness and color for each individual canal in the layout window. You can also choose the corresponding item in the popup menu to set all line thicknesses and or colors to the values for the currently shown canal. Turnout: Enter the turnout name, location, flow rate capacity, canal, and route. The location of the turnout is used for determining losses in the upstream canal, and the capacity is used for checking deliveries. The canal is selected from a list of all canals currently included in the layout, and the route is the name of the district employee who is responsible for operating the turnout. You can add or delete turnouts by rightclicking over the window and selecting from the menu items, and there can be up to 1024 turnouts in the layout. When you add a new turnout, it will be placed in the currently displayed canal. The popup menu also has an item for setting the turnout defaults, which are the currently displayed values for name Waters User’s Manual Page 15 Version 3.10, July 1999 location, capacity, canal, and route. When you add new turnouts, they will have the default values. If the default turnout name is blank, the names of newly added turnouts will be something like “Turnout #5”. The default turnout data are saved in the layout file, so the values are remembered permanently until you change them. You can reset the default data as often as you like. Flow rate and length units are set in the Project Data window. Bifurcation: Enter the node name and the location. The location value indicates the distance from the upstream end of the parent canal. For example, if a lateral canal bifurcates from a main canal, the location value specifies how far the bifurcation point is from the upstream end of the parent canal. The location is then used by to determine seepage losses up to the bifurcation point. There may be up to 256 bifurcations in the layout. Length units are set in the Project Data window. Measurement Structures Measurement structures are not currently used in Waters. It is expected that a future version of this program will apply measurement structures by allowing you to check current flow rates at selected locations in the canal system with the expected flow rates according to scheduling records. If there are significant deviations, you will know that something has probably gone awry (the operator didn’t open the turnouts on time, a farmer is taking water that was not ordered, etc.). Future capabilities may also include the possibility for some type of link with telemetry systems that will feed current flow rate values into Waters. Crop Data These data consist only of crop names from which you can select for assignment to fields. Crop names are used in the Fields page of the User Data window, and in the Water Orders window. You may want to define one crop type as “None”, or something similar, for those “fields” that are actually non-agricultural areas. That is, for water deliveries that might be destined for municipalities or industrial users instead of irrigated fields. Crop names are sorted in alphabetical order. Waters does not automatically erase duplicate names, but when you scroll through the list of crop names in this window you will see duplicates because they will be together in the list. Right click the mouse button with the cursor over a blank area of the window to see a popup menu. From this menu you can insert a new crop type, delete the currently displayed crop, or edit a crop name. You can also press the Insert key to insert a new crop type. To jump to a particular crop name in the list, click on the list box and type the first letter of the crop name (this puts the highlight on the first crop whose name begins with that letter). Then scroll down a few lines if this doesn’t highlight the crop that you are looking for. Employee Data These data represent employees of the irrigation district or water user’s association who have field operational responsibility for the irrigation delivery system. They might include a “water master” and “canal tenders” who open and close turnouts and perform other O&M duties. Employee data are used in the Turnouts page (“Located along Route” item) of the Layout Data window to identify who from the district has responsibility for a given turnout. This linkage between turnout and employee records allows for reports to be printed with water orders according to route. The reports can be handed to each of the employees so they know what the delivery plan is for the day, week, or any other desired time period. In the smaller irrigation districts, there may be only one field employee. In this case you can enter that person’s name as the only employee, and all turnouts will be assigned to that employee by default. Waters User’s Manual Page 16 Version 3.10, July 1999 Right click the mouse button with the cursor over a blank area of the window to see a popup menu. From this menu you can insert a new employee, delete the currently displayed employee, or edit a specified employee name. You can also double-click over an employee name to edit it. User Data You need to enter a list of the water users in the irrigation district to run Waters. A user can be a farmer, a group of farmers, a corporation, a factory, a municipality or any other individual or company that receives water from the system. A user could also be a source of extra water shares that might be reserved for transfer (sale) to real users if and when they run out of shares. User data consists of a name, an account number, an address, telephone number, number of shares, and membership in any special categories. When entering the name of an individual user, it is a good idea to put the last name first to make sorting and searches more convenient. This can be done, for example, by typing the last name, a comma, and the first name. The user data window has three tabbed pages: one for the user account and address, another for special categories, and a third for field data. Click on the navigator bar to scroll through the list of users, or rightclick over the window to show a popup window from which you can jump to a specified user. Click on the Close button to exit from this window and post any changes to the database. Right click the mouse button with the cursor over a blank area of the user data window to see a popup menu. From this menu you can add a new user, delete the currently displayed user, find a user name or account, and choose to sort the user data by name or by account. When you sort by name, you can find a user by specifying the first few letters of the name. The search procedure will jump to the account or name that has the closest match to the characters you entered. When you sort by account, you can find an account number by typing in the first few digits (and or letters) of the account that you want to display. You can also type the Insert key to insert a new user. User Account Number The user account number can be any number you like, or can be a combination of numbers, letters and other characters. When you enter a new user into the database, the program will suggest an account number, but you can change this if you like. Account numbers should be unique because they are used to distinguish between users. If you have two identical account numbers in the database, the word “Duplicate” will be displayed in red letters above the edit box for account number. This is a reminder for you to change one of the account numbers so that all are unique. You can sort users in the user data window by right-clicking over the window and selecting the “Sort by Account” item from the popup menu. Consider entering account numbers in a consistent manner. If accounts have only numerals (digits), then enter the same number of digits for each account. For example, enter account number “5” as “0005” if other accounts may have up to four digits. Otherwise, when you sort users by account, the number 50 would come before the number 6, for example. If accounts have numerals and letters of the alphabet, use the same pattern for all accounts. That is, two letters followed by a dash and four digits, and so forth. Waters maintains unique identification numbers for each water user in the database just in case you have duplicate account numbers. The numbers used by Waters are never visible from the program interface, but you could see them if you opened the table from Paradox or some other database utility that knows how to read the file. User Addresses You can put one or two lines for the user address, then a city, state and zip code. If the street address only needs one line, then leave the second line blank. Zip codes can be five or nine digits. States can be Waters User’s Manual Page 17 Version 3.10, July 1999 any of the 50 states in the USA, but all are represented by the two-character postal abbreviations, and all are in upper-case letters. If you enter an invalid two-character state code, a window will be displayed in which you will see a list of all possible abbreviations. Then, you must select from the list to enter a valid state code. To select from the list of state abbreviations, click on the desired item in the list box and then click on the OK button. Or, simply double-click on the item in the list box. Special Categories You can check any of the special category boxes on the Categories page of the user data window. The titles for these special categories can be changed in the Project Data window. The special categories can be used to filter the data for printouts and other database operations, but in the current version of Waters they are not used directly. User Shares Each user can have shares in up to 25 different categories. The names and properties of the categories are specified in the Project Data window, as are the number of share categories. User shares are normally what is available at the beginning of the year (or irrigation season), and with each water delivery, special billing, or transfer (sale) of shares, the remaining shares in a particular category decrease correspondingly. If there is more than one share category, a given user may have some shares in each, or may have shares in only one of the categories. Note that taking water from different share categories does not necessarily mean that the water comes from a physically different source. In some irrigation districts the water comes from one river, but because of legal and administrative arrangements, it is somehow divided up and billed out at different rates. If a user runs out of shares before the irrigation season is over, it may be possible to transfer shares from another user. It is also possible to change the billing option to ignore shares (see Project Data). Default User Data In many cases, most of the users will have similar addresses. For example, it may be that all users live in the same city or town, in the same state, and with the same zip code. To streamline data entry, you can specify default values for most of the user data. Then, whenever a new user is inserted into the database, that user will get the default values and you will save time entering repetitive data. To enter default user data, type in the values that you want, and leave others blank. Then, right-click to display the popup menu, and select the Set Defaults item. The default user data are saved in the layout file, so the values are remembered permanently until you change them. You can include a default user name if the same user has multiple accounts, or you can leave the default name blank. If the default user name is blank, each new user will have a name like “User #13”. Note that the default user account number is automatically chosen by the program each time a new user is inserted. This is because no two users should have the same account number. You can reset the default data as often as you like. Field Data Field data are accessed from a tab called “Fields” in the User Data window. These data are used to define the different fields for which water may be ordered from the irrigation district. If the user is nonagricultural, the field could take the name of a city or a factory, to name a couple of examples. If it is not important to order water by field, then all of the fields for a given user could be aggregated into one field name for that user. However, you may not want to group fields that take water from different turnouts in the delivery system. Specify the name of a field by double-clicking on the name in the list box, or by selecting Edit field name from the popup menu. Waters User’s Manual Page 18 Version 3.10, July 1999 Each field must have an owner, which is one of the users that you entered. You can scroll to a user by clicking on the navigation bar at the upper left, or you can jump to a particular user from a command in the popup menu. Fields also have a size in acres, hectares or user-defined units, and you need to specify this size for each field. Acres are the default area units, but you can specify hectares (ha) or other units from the Project Data window if desired. Enter the area of a field in the edit box. Select a turnout from which a particular field takes water by typing Ctrl-T, clicking over the turnout name, or selecting Turnout from the popup menu. You can choose from the list of turnouts by double-clicking on one of the names or by highlighting a name and clicking on the OK button. Right-click the mouse button with the cursor over a blank area of the field data window to see a popup menu. From this menu you can insert a new field, delete the currently displayed field, specify the turnout and crops, and find a field name. You can also press the Insert key to insert a new field. Each user can have up to 256 fields. Specifying Crop Types Each field will have one or two crops with corresponding dates, which indicate when that crop is planted. By these dates, Waters knows which crop is being grown on any given date during the year. Change the crop type through the commands in the popup menu, or by typing Ctrl-1 or Ctrl-2 for the first or second crops, respectively. You can also click the left mouse button over the crop names. Any of these actions will cause a window to appear with a list of crop types. Select one from the window and click on the OK button, or simply double-click on a crop name in the list. You can change the crop planting dates by clicking on the date, choosing a command from the popup menu, or by typing Ctrl-S or Ctrl-A. This will display the calendar window as described in the following section on New Water Orders (Section V). The crop names are taken from the crop list, and you can edit the list of crops through the Waters interface. Crop names are associated with fields so that when a water order is made, the crop type will be known by the irrigation district, and this may be useful for resolving scheduling conflicts or assigning priorities to certain crops in the event of water shortages. If the “field” is a non-agricultural water user, then you can set the crop name to “None”, or whatever other appropriate selection based on what kinds of “crops” you have entered in the crop database. Waters User’s Manual Page 19 Version 3.10, July 1999 V. Scheduling Water Deliveries New Water Orders A new order might be phoned in by a user, called in on a radio, given to a district employee, or made in person at the office. You can make a new water order by choosing Orders | New Order or clicking on the toolbar button with the telephone picture. The new order number is automatically determined, and is displayed in the window title at the upper left. The current remaining shares and the remaining volume of water for each of up to 25 categories are shown in this window. You can scroll through the categories (if there is more than one) until the desired category is shown. Note that categories are defined in the Project Data window. If the remaining shares in all categories are zero, the order cannot be posted (except when the billing option is “Charge per delivery” or “No per order charge”). In this case, the user would have to obtain additional shares from another user or from the irrigation district, if possible. See Transferring Shares for how users can obtain additional shares. You could also modify the shares value(s) for a particular user under the User Data window, but this would not normally be done in the middle of an irrigation season unless the district or company were able to somehow allocate more shares. If the billing option is “Charge per delivery”, the fee per water order is displayed instead of the remaining shares and remaining volume of water. In this case, the fee can be different for each water category. Alternatively, if the billing option is “No per order charge”, this area of the window is blank because it wouldn’t matter how many shares a user had. The default order data are for a one-day duration (24 hours), starting at the current date and hour, with a zero flow rate. However, you can specify no defaults in the Project Data window (see above). The default flow rate of zero will cause a warning if you do not enter a different value before clicking on the Post button. The duration and delivery volume are automatically updated and displayed in the window when you make changes to the order. When you click on the Post button, the water order is accepted and “posted” (written) to the database. The Post button is disabled when you scroll to a user that doesn’t have any fields, or scroll to a field with no valid turnout and canal linkage. Invalid turnout and canal linkages are indicated in this window by the word “Unspecified”. Turnout links to fields are specified in the Fields tab of the User Data window. Canal links are specified in the Turnout tab of the Layout Data window (at the “Located in canal” item). If a user has no fields, you should either assign one or more fields or delete the user from the database; otherwise, that individual or company will not be able to get any water. You cannot delete a water order once it is posted to the database, but you can cancel it. See the section below called Rescheduling Water Orders. You can only post one order at a time from this window, but after a new order is posted you may immediately make a new one. Click on the Finished button, or press the Esc key, when you are finished making new orders. You can also post multiple repetitive orders from the Block Scheduling window. Right-click the mouse button with the cursor over a blank area of the window to see a popup menu. From this menu you can confirm the order (Ctrl-C), calculate the average application depth, search for a user name or account number, and toggle between sorting by user name or account number. When you sort by name, you can find a user by specifying the first few letters of the name. The search procedure will jump to the account or name that has the closest match to the characters you entered. When you sort by account, you can find an account number by typing in the first few digits (and or letters) of the account that you want to display. Waters User’s Manual Page 20 Version 3.10, July 1999 Specifying Dates You can specify the starting and ending dates of an order by clicking on one of the date values in the window, or by typing Ctrl-S (starting) or Ctrl-E (ending). These actions will cause a calendar window to be displayed. In the calendar window you can set the year by clicking over the year text with the left mouse button to increment by one year at a time, or click with the Shift key depressed to decrement by one year with each mouse click. You can also type Ctrl-Y to increment by one year at a time, or Ctrl-Shift-Y to decrement by one year. Change the month by clicking the left mouse button over the month text to increment, or hold the Shift key down while clicking to decrement the month. You can also right click over the month text to show a popup menu from which you can jump to any of the twelve months. Finally, if you type Ctrl-M the month will increment, and Ctrl-Shift-M will decrement the month. To change the date you can click the left mouse button on one of the date values in the calendar, or enter numbers. For example, if you type the digit ‘2’ the second day of the month is highlighted. If you then type nd nd another ‘2’ the 22 day is highlighted. Typing a ‘2’ again would go back to the 2 day. You cannot enter th an invalid day of the month (for example, there is no February 30 ), and leap years are taken into account by the calendar window. Specifying Hours You can specify the starting and ending hours of an order by clicking on one of the hour values in the window, or by typing Ctrl-A or Ctrl-T. These actions will cause a clock window to be displayed. There are many ways to enter an hour using keystrokes or mouse clicks. In the clock window you can type in an hour, press the M and H keys on the keyboard, click the left mouse button over the digital time display, or click the left mouse button over the clock face. If you type in numbers to set the hour, you must enter a valid time. The minutes value cannot exceed 59, and the hour cannot exceed 23. Press the backspace key to clear the digital input register if you want to reenter a different hour and minute from the keyboard. When you click over the digital time display (above the clock face) the following rules apply: Left mouse button Left mouse button with Ctrl Left mouse button with Shift Left mouse button with Shift and Ctrl Increment the time by one minute Increment the time by fifteen minutes Decrement the time by one minute Decrement the time by fifteen minutes You can type the “M” key to increment the minute, or shift-M to decrement. Type the “H” key to increment the hour, or Shift-H to decrement the hour. When you click the left mouse over the clock face the hour hand is set (to the nearest hour). When you hold down the Ctrl key while clicking the left mouse button, the minute hand is set. Specifying the Duration of an Order If you enter the starting and ending times the duration of the order is calculated automatically. However, you can type Ctrl-D or click on the duration text in this window to display another window from which you can specify the days, hours and minutes of the water order. In this window you can also choose to recalculate the starting or ending date and hour. This is because if you change the duration the starting or ending date must be redetermined to accommodate the new duration. The default is to change the ending date, so that if you specify a duration the starting date remains the same. Confirming a Water Order Waters User’s Manual Page 21 Version 3.10, July 1999 When making a new water order, you can click the right mouse button over the window to bring up a menu. Select the Confirm item from the menu (or type Ctrl-C) to check the water order, including turnout and canal capacities. Turnout capacity is checked by adding up this all other deliveries during the duration of the order, then comparing the sum of flows on an hourly basis with the specified maximum capacity. Canal capacities are checked in a similar way, starting with the canal in which the turnout is located, and moving upstream through other canals until the source is encountered. The results of the confirmation are shown in a window with green checks and red Xs. If you see any red Xs, the order has potential problems that should be resolved. This may mean rescheduling one or more orders, correcting errors in data entry (for example, the flow rate is zero), or taking other corrective actions. Printing a Water Order You can print a new water order by typing Ctrl-P or by right-clicking over a blank area of the window to display a popup menu. Choose Print this order from the menu. The printout will be a single page with the user name and other information, the share category, remaining shares and total shares, and other data that you specify for the order. Only the current order is printed, and the format of the printout depends on the style option specified in the Project Data window. Note that if you cancel the order or change it after having printed, the printout will be incorrect. You can also print multiple previously posted orders from the Reports | Miscellaneous Reports menu item (see Section VI of this manual). Rescheduling Water Orders Sometimes a water user will call in to request a change in a pending water order. Or, the canal or turnout capacities may be insufficient to make all deliveries, among various other possibilities. The order rescheduling window has the starting and ending times and flow rate, and the scheduling status and notes. The scheduling status can be any of several reasons for why an order was canceled or changed, and these status messages are defined in the Project Data window. The edit boxes at the bottom of the first window tab are disabled if the status message corresponds to an order that was “Delivered as ordered”. This means that you cannot reschedule the order unless you choose one of the other status items. You can type in any pertinent notes about the order into the memo. When you close the rescheduling window the program checks to see if you have made any changes to any of the water orders. If so, the scheduling tables are automatically recalculated and the remaining user shares are updated. You will see a small window with a progress bar as the tables are recalculated. But, if the billing option is anything other than “Charge by volume”, the automatic scheduling is not performed. Printing a Rescheduled Water Order You can print a rescheduled water order by typing Ctrl-P or by right-clicking over a blank area of the window to display a popup menu. Choose Print this order from the menu. The printout will be a single page with the user name and other information, the share category, remaining shares and total shares, and other data that you specify for the order. Only the current order is printed, and the format of the printout depends on the style option specified in the Project Data window. You can also print multiple previously posted orders from the Reports | Miscellaneous Reports menu item (see Section VI of this manual). Waters User’s Manual Page 22 Version 3.10, July 1999 Block Scheduling You can make multiple water orders for the same user and field by using the block scheduling feature. The idea is that you can conveniently make several orders at once, saving some time. Select Orders | Block Scheduling, or click on the toolbar button with circular blue arrows to display a window from which you can make multiple orders. Block orders are for one user and one field at a time. Each order will also be set up to start delivery at the same hour of the day, and for the same duration of time, with the same flow rate. You can specify a constant interval, in days, for each block of orders. Change the interval by typing Ctrl-I or Ctrl-Shift-I to increment or decrement the value. Or, click the left mouse button over the interval text on the window to increment, and hold the Shift key down while clicking to decrement. Specify the share category by scrolling with the up-down button. The duration of each order is fixed, and is specified in days, hours and minutes. The number of days cannot exceed 366, the number of hours must be 23 or less, and the number of minutes must be 59 or less. You must also specify a flow rate for the block of orders. Change the start hour for the orders by clicking over the start hour text, or by typing Ctrl-S. This brings up the clock window as described above under New Water Orders. The Range box has the First Day and Last Day of the block scheduling. By default, this is one week, but you can change the interval as described in the previous paragraph. Waters will post as many orders as will fit between the First and Last days, and as you change any of the values in the block scheduling window, you will see the number of corresponding orders at the upper right (labeled as “Order Count”), as determined by the program. This is the number of orders that will be posted if you click on the OK button. Delivery Scheduling Graphs You can display graphs of one- or two-week scheduling forecasts for canals and turnouts. These graphs are constructed based on the current and pending water orders for the different locations in the canal system. The data used to draw the curves are based on hourly intervals. Turnout graphs show the composite delivery flow rates for all of the fields taking water from one canal outlet. Canal graphs show the composite delivery flow rates for all deliveries in the displayed canal, plus all deliveries that would pass through that canal to downstream reaches. The canal graphs are shifted according to specified lag times, whereby flow rates are for the upstream end of each canal. Secondary Displays A thin horizontal bar at the top of the scheduling graphs is drawn in dark gray or red color. When a curve is above 100% of the turnout or canal capacity, the bar is shown in red for the period of over-capacity. When the scheduled deliveries total 100% or less of the capacity, the bar is drawn in the dark gray color. The current date and hour, the percent capacity and the flow rate, are shown at the bottom left of the window. These values change as you move the mouse cursor horizontally across the graph area. Vertical movement does not affect the values because they only correspond to the abscissa. If you move the mouse cursor off the graph area, the values are shown as “n/a”. When the scheduled deliveries exceed the turnout or canal capacity, the percent capacity value (which would be greater than 100%) is shown in a bold red font. Right-click the mouse button with the cursor over a blank area of the window to see a popup menu. From this menu you can toggle the display between canals and turnouts, change the curve color and line thickness, choose one- or two-week forecasts, and find a canal or turnout name. Click on the Canals menu item to display canal graphs, or on the Turnouts item to display turnout graphs. Click on the Waters User’s Manual Page 23 Version 3.10, July 1999 Find… menu item to display a popup window from which you can see an alphabetized list of all canals or turnouts in the layout. From this list you can choose an item and click on the OK button, or simply doubleclick on an item. When you choose to change the color of the curve, a standard window will be displayed from which many colors are available. Select one of the colors and click on the OK button to immediately change the color. Use a dark color for the curve to get good contrast, because the background will always be white. Also, you may want to leave the scheduling option at two weeks, unless changing it to one week seems to significantly speed up recalculation of the scheduling tables. Unless there are many canals and turnouts, recalculation should be very quick. Click on one of the three pen width items at the bottom of the popup menu to change the line width of the curve. The color and line width information are stored in the layout file, so they are remembered by Waters from one session to the next. Click on the One- or Two-Week popup menu items to show the corresponding abscissa duration on the graph. If you change from one to two weeks, the scheduling tables will be automatically recalculated to make sure they are up to date. This window can be left open while you open other windows in Waters. For example, you can open the graphs window, then begin a new order, and switch back to the graphs window before posting the order if necessary. If the graphs window is open when a new order is posted, the graph is immediately redrawn. Orders, Special Billings and Payments You can view all orders and payments for each user by selecting Orders | Fee Payments or clicking on the toolbar button with the dollar sign. The current total fees and total payments for each user are shown here, as well as the current balance on each account. You can also use this window to enter new payments, edit existing payment records, and make special billings. You cannot make new water orders, nor can you reschedule orders from this window. The orders shown in this window are only those that have been or will be delivered. Orders that have been canceled for any reason will not be displayed here. The Date and Hour columns in the list of orders correspond to the date and hour that delivery began (or will begin). The fee is calculated for each order by taking the volume of the order and multiplying it by the User Fee value, then dividing by the Current Allocation and Volume per Share values, and finally multiplying by 100 (to convert the Current Allocation from a percent to a fraction). See Project Data for more information about these values. By default, the data are shown for a single user at a time. This means that the water order and payment data shown in the window corresponds only to the currently displayed user. As you scroll through the users from the navigation bar, the orders, billing and payment data will change. If you want to see all orders and all payments, right-click for the popup menu and select the Show all users item. When this menu item is checked, you will see the total fees and payments for all users, and the calculated balance will be for all users. Also, when viewing these data for all users, the navigation bar is disabled and the name and user account are blank. To enter a new payment, first scroll to the user who is making the payment. Also, you should ensure that the Show one user popup menu item is checked. Then, click on the Add a payment item in the popup menu or type Ctrl-P to display the payments window. The number of the payment is determined automatically by Waters. You enter the date of the payment, a comment, and the amount in dollars. The comment may be used to indicate the method of payment, for example, which might be “Personal Check”, “Cash”, “Bank Transfer”, or whatever is appropriate. If the payment is by check, you might wish to add the check number as part of the Comment. Right click the mouse button with the cursor over a blank area of the user data window to see a popup menu. From this menu you can find a user name or account, and choose to sort by user name or by account. When you sort by name, you can find a user by specifying the first few letters of the name. The Waters User’s Manual Page 24 Version 3.10, July 1999 search procedure will jump to the account or name that has the closest match to the characters you entered. When you sort by account, you can find an account number by typing in the first few digits (and or letters) of the account that you want to display. Special Billings Special billings are for charging fees independently of water orders. For example, a district might charge an annual operation and maintenance fee, users may be fined for violating rules, or a special assessment might be made to cover expenses for emergency infrastructure repairs. You can make special billings at any time and to any user. To enter a special billing for one or more users, select the Add special billings item in the popup menu, or close the window and select Orders | Special Billings from the main menu. You will see a window with a list of all users, two edit boxes for a description of fees and amount, and a billing date. Right-click over the list box to display a popup menu from which you can select all or deselect all users, and use the Shift and Ctrl keys to select only some of the users. All users that are selected (highlighted) in the list box will be assessed the amount in the edit box at the bottom. So, you could select multiple users and make multiple special billings at one time. Click on the date text or type Ctrl-B to edit the billing date. Click on the Post button to post the billing(s). After posting a special billing you can make more, or quit. You can also type the Esc key or click on the X at the upper right corner of the window to quit. Transferring Shares If the selected billing option is “Charge by volume”, you may have to periodically make share transfers from one user to another. For any other billing option it is irrelevant to make share transfers. You can transfer shares from one user account to another from the Orders | Share Transfer command in the menu. You can also click on the corresponding toolbar button below the main menu. Transferring shares may be necessary when one user runs out of water during the year and another has extra water to sell. After an arrangement has been made between buyer and seller, the number of shares can be entered into this window so that Waters knows how many remaining shares each user has. A log file of every transfer is maintained by the program, and you can view this log file from Orders | Transfer Log in the main menu. The log file contains the date and time of the transfer, the amount of shares, and the two accounts involved in the transfer. You can scroll through the account names to specify to “to” and “from” accounts, or you can type in the account numbers directly to jump to a particular user account. If you type in a specific account number, it must match an existing account exactly; otherwise, the account reverts back to whatever it was before you entered the value. If you do type in an account number (which can include nonnumeric characters), you must type the Tab key or click on another item in the window before the number is accepted for checking with all existing accounts. When you type the Tab key, the focus shifts away from the edit box and that is when Waters checks the number you entered. You can enter a comment of up to 128 characters before making a transfer. For example, you might want to put the name of the person making the transfer and the person authorizing the transfer – you may also want to put the sales price, if applicable. You don’t need to put the date and time because this information is automatically written to the log file. The comment will be stored in the log file with other pertinent information. Use the arrow buttons to scroll to the desired share categories for the “to” and “from” accounts. This will determine the categories for which the transfer is made. Click on the Transfer Now button to make the transfer and immediately update the files. Waters User’s Manual Page 25 Version 3.10, July 1999 You can transfer water from any account to another, or even from one share category to another for the same account. But, you cannot transfer from within the same account to the same share category. Also, the amount must be greater than zero for the transfer to be accepted and logged. If you want to keep extra shares for sale or distribution to users during the irrigation season, you could keep a separate account that didn’t correspond to any of the users. Then, you could draw upon the shares in that special account to give to users who ran out of shares before they finished all irrigations. This window can stay open while you view the transfer log file or do other activities in Waters. Note that share transfers may be irrelevant depending on the billing option specified in the Project Data window. Share Transfer Log A database file is maintained by to document all share transfers that are made from the Transfer Shares window. In this window, you can view the date, time and other details of every transfer. This window can stay open while you make new transfers or do other activities in Waters. Recalculating Scheduling Tables You can force Waters to recalculate the scheduling tables at any time by choosing Orders | Recalculate Tables from the menu. You can also or click on the calculator toolbar button. This will update all of the composite water orders that are used for making scheduling graphs for turnouts and canals, update remaining user shares, and check the integrity of some of the database tables. Composite water orders are generated for one or two weeks from the current date. Database table integrity checks are to make sure that the data values are valid and consistent. If any problems are found with the data, corrections will be made automatically. For example, redundancies are contained in some of the tables to help speed up displays and calculations. These redundancies are checked to make sure they agree with one another. Also, some simple data types must fall into one of only two values, and these are checked to make sure that the current value is either one or the other, eliminating invalid entries. The integrity checks usually find no errors, but if the tables become corrupted somehow, which could happen, these procedures help ensure problem-free application of Waters. You should not normally need to update the scheduling tables. This is done each time you run Waters, and whenever you make certain changes to the system layout. Recalculation is also done automatically whenever you reschedule one or more water orders. However, if the billing option is “Charge per delivery” or “No per order charge” then the scheduling tables are not recalculated automatically because in these situations billings per water order do not depend on the volume of the delivery. See the Project Data in Section IV. Waters User’s Manual Page 26 Version 3.10, July 1999 VI. Printing Reports A report is a printout that gives information from one or more database tables, organized in various ways. Many different reports can be printed by Waters, but you must have a printer connected to your computer to generate a report. The printer must be switched on and in the “Ready” or “On-Line” mode. Also, make sure that the currently selected printer is the one you have connected to your computer; otherwise, the ® printouts may be garbled. See the Windows documentation to learn about selecting the printer. Most reports are formatted for 8½ by 11 (letter size) paper, but others are designed for filling in the blanks of small printed forms that are used by some irrigation districts. Some of the reports are printed in Portrait orientation, and others in Landscape orientation. Landscape orientation is used when the printed rows are too wide to fit along the 8½-inch dimension of the paper. Margins are one inch on the left and right sides, and 0.9 inches on the top and bottom. Most reports have page numbers centered at the bottom. Reports that start on a new page for each category (for example, billing statements start on a new page for each water user) do not have page numbers. Click on the Print button to show a confirmation window in which the type of report and estimated number of printed pages are displayed. In this window you can click on the OK button to proceed with the printing job, or on Cancel to abort before printing begins. But, before you proceed with the print job, you may wish ® to check whether the printer is on-line or not. See the Windows documentation for more information about printing. Printing Bill Statements Bill statements show the water orders and payments for each selected user, including totals and the current balance. The statements display all orders and payments for a user, so a printout for one user can span multiple pages. Bill statements are printed in Portrait orientation. You can print one or more billing statements by selecting Reports | Billing Statements from the menu. You can print billing statements as often as necessary, or just once a year – it only depends on how your irrigation district or company operates. A window appears in which all user names are shown in a list box at the top and a memo box is at the bottom. User names are shown in alphabetical order, from top to bottom. If there are more than a few users, you can use the scroll bar to see other names. You can also click the mouse over the list box with user names, then use the up and down arrow keys, or the PgUp and PgDn keys to scroll. You can also use the Home and End keys. Selecting Users for Printouts: By default, all of the water users are selected for printouts of bills, but you can select any combination of users for printing these bill statements. The number of selected users is shown above the upper right corner of the list box, which shows the user accounts and user names. Click the left mouse button over a user name to select that user. Click the left mouse button over a user name, then drag the mouse up or down to select that user and others adjacent to it in the list box. To help in selecting users from the list, right-click over the list box to show a popup menu from which you can select all or deselect all. Use the Shift key when clicking to select a continuous range of user names from the list, or the Ctrl key to select/deselect individual items. You can also click anywhere over the list box, then type Ctrl-/ (Ctrl key plus forward slash) to select all users. From the popup menu you can also choose to sort the users according to either account or name. To select a group of contiguous users in the list box, click on the first name, release the mouse button and move the cursor to the last name in the group, then click the mouse again while holding down the Shift key. If you want to select two or more users in a non-contiguous block, click on the first name, move the cursor to the next name and click again while holding the Ctrl key down, and so on until all of the users you want to select are highlighted. Waters User’s Manual Page 27 Version 3.10, July 1999 Appending an Announcement: You can have an announcement appended to the bottom of each of the billing statements by typing in some text in the Announcements memo box, which is just below the list box of user names. Examples of announcements might be an upcoming water users meeting, a forecast on the water availability, a scheduled shut-down for maintenance, or a due date for bill remittance. You can type up to about 4000 characters, and the lines will automatically wrap at the right side of the memo box as you type. If you type more than a few lines, the memo box will scroll vertically. The announcement you type will be printed at the bottom of the bill statements for each of the selected users. Printing Water Orders Printouts of water orders show the dates and hours, flow rates and other information about each water order that begins within a specified date interval. You can print water orders in three ways: by water user, by route (employee), and by turnout. Water order printouts are in Landscape orientation. You print water orders by selecting Reports | Miscellaneous Reports from the menu, then click on the Orders tab. Only those water orders that have been delivered already, or are scheduled to be delivered, are included in these printouts. Any order that was canceled (for whatever reason) will not be included. Choose from one of the four radio buttons at the left to determine the format and organization of the printouts. Printing by order date is for generating lists of orders made on a specified date, regardless of the scheduled delivery dates. Printing by route is useful for handing out reports to employees (ditch tenders, canal tenders, etc.) so that they know what deliveries need to be made in their area. For smaller districts and companies, there may only be one employee that does the field work to deliver water, and in these cases it would be irrelevant to organize printouts by employee. You can choose from a list of users, routes (employees), or turnouts to further restrict the printouts. For example, you could choose just one or two users instead of printing reports for all. The contents of the list box change depending on the radio button that is selected in this window. To help in selecting items from the list, right-click over the list box to show a popup menu from which you can select all or deselect all. Use the Shift key when clicking to select a continuous range of values from the list, or the Ctrl key to select/deselect individual items. Entering a Date Range: By default, the starting date is today and the ending date is two weeks from today. You can change these dates by clicking on the values at the right, or by typing Ctrl-S or Ctrl-E. This brings up the calendar window, as described above for New Water Orders. Make sure that the starting date is earlier than the ending date. Printouts of water orders will be for those orders that begin between the starting and ending dates you specify. Any order that begins before the starting date will be excluded, as will orders that begin after the ending date. So, you could make the starting and ending dates both equal to today’s date to print only those orders that will start delivery today. Printing Field Data You can print lists of fields in three ways: by water user, by canal, and by turnout. Printouts show the field names, first and second crops, and their respective starting dates, field area, and other information. The total area for each category (user, canal or turnout) is calculated and shown in the printout. Field data printouts are in Landscape orientation. You print field data by selecting Reports | Miscellaneous Reports from the menu, then click on the Fields tab. Choose from one of the three radio buttons to determine the format and organization of the printouts. Printing by user is useful to quickly determine which fields are irrigated by which users. Printing by turnout shows all fields that receive water from each of the turnouts, and printing by canal shows all of the fields that take water from any of the turnouts in that canal. Waters User’s Manual Page 28 Version 3.10, July 1999 Printing Simple Lists You can print simple lists from some of the database tables. These printouts show the data from only a single table. The four categories are: User Data, Crop Types, Employees (these are not from a database table, rather from the layout data file), and Measurement Structures. Simple list printouts are in portrait orientation. You print simple lists by selecting Reports | Miscellaneous Reports from the menu, then click on the Lists tab. Choose from one of the four radio buttons to determine the type of printout. As for the other report categories, you click on the Print button to begin show the confirmation window with the report type and estimated number of printed pages. Then click on the OK button of that window if you want to proceed with the print job. Waters User’s Manual Page 29 Version 3.10, July 1999 VII. Backing Up Files The layout file and all database files can be automatically backed up to one of three standard folders each day by Waters. The dates of the last three automatic backups are stored in the layout file, so Waters can decide when it is time to perform a backup. Using these dates, the appropriate destination folder for the backups is also determined – the database files in the standard folder with the oldest backup date are erased and replaced with the most current files from the working folder. The standard backup folders are “backup 1” through “backup 3”, and they exist as sub-folders to the working folder. If a backup is to be made to one of the standard folders, but the folder cannot be found, Waters will create the folder before copying the current database files. The automatic backup option is specified in the Project Data window. Manual Backup As with automatic backup, manual backup copies the current database files from the working folder. But when you manually backup the files, the destination drive and directory must be specified. You can backup to one of the three standard folders, if desired, or to any other folder, disk, or storage medium. You cannot backup to read-only devices, such as most CD-ROM drives. Manual backup is performed by choosing File | Backup. When you select a drive (A, B, C, etc.) and folder as the destination, Waters will erase all database files from that folder before copying the current files. Non-database files will not be erased from the folder. You should periodically perform a manual backup to a removable medium (floppy disk, for example) and store that medium in a separate location, away from the computer. Don’t keep all backups on your hard disk, because if it fails, you may lose everything! Don’t even keep all backups in the same office or building. As a general rule, it is a good idea to perform a manual backup to removable medium once per week. For example, backup each Friday afternoon. Also, you may choose to periodically make printouts of the database files because these are another form of backup. Restoring Backup Files You can copy backup database files to the working folder by choosing File | Restore. When you do this, all current database files in the working folder are erased, then replaced by those from the folder you specified as the source. You may wish to backup the current files before restoring from a backup set, just in case. Database files are never restored automatically – you must do this manually through the Restore from Backup menu item. Nevertheless, it should seldom be necessary to restore files from backup. You can also use a program such as Windows Explorer to restore backed-up files to the working folder. But be careful! Never do a partial backup of database files. If you mix old and new files in the working directory, the BDE may find that some of the index files are “out of date”, and you will see errors the next time you run Waters. The BDE can be very particular about file dates, even when everything appears fine to you. Waters User’s Manual Page 30 Version 3.10, July 1999 VIII. Accessing Text Files You can write some categories of data to text files, and you can also read data into Waters from text files. This is not an operation that would often be performed in Waters, so the menu items that access text files are only available if full menus are enabled. Layout data are also written automatically to a text file each time the layout information is changed, but this text file is only written by Waters, never read. Writing to a Text File Why would you want to write to a text file? Perhaps you want to format the data in a word processor to include in a report, giving you more flexibility than the reports that are printed on paper directly from Waters. Or, you might want to make the data available to a spreadsheet application to perform some special analysis or sorting. You may also find it more convenient to make large-scale changes to a category of data outside of the Waters interface. The first (leftmost) column in most text files will have a key value that uniquely defines each record. If you modify a text file to be later read back into Waters, make sure you don’t define duplicate key values. Most text files contain one record per line, so that all of the data for a record are arranged in columns from left to right. When writing to a text file you will select Reports | Write to Text File from the menu, specify the data category, then click on the OK button. Then, you will have to specify the location (folder) in which to write the file, and the file name. If you don’t specify a file name extension, you will get the default extension of TXT (which is OK). If you specify a file name that already exists in the destination folder you will have to confirm whether you want to overwrite the existing file or not. For some categories of data you can also specify a date range for the output. Reading from a Text File You can read data from text files back into Waters, replacing all of the existing data in that category. For example, you could write all layout node data to a text file, then read it back in without having modified the file, and everything would be the same as before. Or, you could edit the text file with a program like © Notepad (which comes with Windows) and then read it back into Waters. Editing could involve changes to the data, addition of records, and deletion of records. The format of text files is defined in Waters and cannot be changed. This format involves the kinds of data that are found in the file, depending on the category of data, and the columns in which each item of a record is found. The best way to see the format is to write data to a text file and examine the file with a text editor. If you make changes to the file, make sure you keep the same column widths as in the originally created file, otherwise the data might get mixed up when you read it back in to Waters. Never read data from a text file into Waters without first having backed up all data files, including the layout file, to another folder or disk drive. If something goes wrong, your existing data (in the specified category) will be gone, and the new data may be useless. As soon as you do read in data from a text file, check to see that it is all right or not. For example, if you read crop data from a file, go to the Crop Data window and look at the data. You can read from a text file by selecting Reports | Read from Text File from the menu, specifying the data category, then clicking on the OK button. Then, you will have to specify the location (folder) in which the file resides, and the file name. If you don’t specify a file name extension, the default extension of TXT will be assumed. Annex A. Database File Structures Waters User’s Manual Page 31 Version 3.10, July 1999 Seven Paradox database tables are used in the current version of the Waters application, each with multiple files that are maintained through access with the BDE. The information presented in the tables below show the structure of each table, as can be obtained from a tool like Borland’s “Database Desktop”. Field types are: I for a 4-byte integer; A for an alpha-numeric string (size in bytes); N for a floating-point numeric value; L for a logical (boolean) value; D for a date; T for a time (hour); and $ for a currency (dollar) amount. An asterisk in the “Key” column indicates a key field, used for primary sorting and record uniqueness. Secondary indices are also defined for some tables to allow sorting by name, etc., instead of by index number. (1) FIELDS.DB Irrigated fields are contained in this table. Each field has a name, an area, an owner, a turnout (from which it receives water), and crop information. Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Field Name Key User Turnout Name Area FirstCrop SecondCrop FirstDate SecondDate Type I I I A N I I D D Size Key * 64 (2) FLOWMEAS.DB Flow measurement structure information is provided in this table so that comparisons can be made between measured real-time discharge and expected discharge (according to water orders). This comparison feature is something that has been talked about, but has not yet been fully developed in Waters. Item 1 2 3 4 5 Field Name Key Name Canal Location StructType Waters User’s Manual Type I A I I A Size Key * 64 64 Page 32 Version 3.10, July 1999 (3) ORDERS.DB The Orders table has the most database fields of all tables used in Waters. The “New” fields give values specified in rescheduled orders; otherwise, by default they are the same as the “Start” values. Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Field Name Key User Field Turnout ShareCat Status AcreFt OrderDay OrderHour StartDay StartHour EndDay EndHour FlowRate NewStartDay NewStartHour NewEndDay NewEndHour NewFlowRate Notes Type I I I I I I N D T D T D T N D T D T N A Size Type I I D A $ Size Key * 255 (4) PAYMNTS.DB Item 1 2 3 4 5 Field Name Key User Date PayMethod Amount Key * 32 (5) SPECBILL.DB This table holds information about special billings, such as annual fees, that are not directly associated with individual water orders. The user never directly accesses this table from Waters. Item 1 2 3 4 5 Field Name Key User Date Amount Describe Waters User’s Manual Type I I D N A Size Key * 64 Page 33 Version 3.10, July 1999 (6) TRANSFER.DB The transfer table holds a log of records for share transfers between water user accounts. Whenever a transfer is made, the transaction is recorded automatically to this table. The user never directly accesses this table from Waters. Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Field Name Key Date Hour Amount AcctFrom AcctTo CatFrom CatTo Comments UserFrom UserTo Type I D T N A A I I A I I Size Key * 16 16 128 (7) USER.DB Basic user data are contained in this table, including name, address, shares, and special categories. Special categories are stored in the Aflag, Bflag and Cflag fields, displayed as check boxes in Waters under the User Data window. The Flag field is used internally to update remaining shares. The Key field is used internally to guarantee uniqueness of records, and the Account field is used to display records. The user of Waters never sees the value from the Key field. The Sh# and Sr# fields are for user shares and remaining user shares, respectively. The Sh# values are defined in the User Data window, and the Sr# values are calculated by Waters. In the current configuration there may be from one to twenty five share categories. Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Field Name Key Account Name AddrOne AddrTwo City State Zip Phone Aflag Bflag Cflag Sh1 Sh2 Sh3 Sh4 Sh5 Sh6 Sh7 Sh8 Sh9 Sh10 Waters User’s Manual Type I A A A A A A A A A A A N N N N N N N N N N Size Key * 16 64 64 64 16 2 10 16 1 1 1 Page 34 Version 3.10, July 1999 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 Sh11 Sh12 Sh13 Sh14 Sh15 Sh16 Sh17 Sh18 Sh19 Sh20 Sh21 Sh22 Sh23 Sh24 Sh25 Sr1 Sr2 Sr3 Sr4 Sr5 Sr6 Sr7 Sr8 Sr9 Sr10 Sr11 Sr12 Sr13 Sr14 Sr15 Sr16 Sr17 Sr18 Sr19 Sr20 Sr21 Sr22 Sr23 Sr24 Sr25 Flag Waters User’s Manual N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N L Page 35 Version 3.10, July 1999