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Estatística Geral E Aplicada

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" # $$ /01 20234560 7 µ 8 9 2 σ σ 2 /*01 021:/101 ;< =;* < = > ) ? < @ 7? <!"@ 8 ? @ µ?!"@ ?A @ σ?A!"@ ? " @ σ? "!"@ 9 ?!" 2 2?!"!" 20234560 + $ # 3 !" B • • B @ B > /01 + ## $ !" # # # , # !" C 21:/10 " !% Dσ2 E /*01 0 " !% 8;≤≤= -) 8 29 C F / G +$ -)0 8 29 H /560 + # - ' . $!"# - - !") • ) # ( A 8 29 $ Dσ2 • )# ( !" $$ A I G1 JG4K34 G70/ 74 0 # B " ' L ,' $ $ 2 $ M # , M # , 0 ",' B # 2 - , >C" >NOC # P?CP>@Q>?CC ÷ ? - ) = )@@>@C@@ $= - , )@@@@@ = ,% )@@>@R = , L . )@ E R G1 JG4K34 G01* 74 0 # B " ' L ,' $ , !" !" 2 - ( M$ # ,< ,< # $ B C - B #CN>2 " CP>?P - # ! C > # $ " ' # C ' # # B " C K S $ , ( - ) = M )>C $= , )T>CEF = !", ,, )T> = ,' )T T G1 JG4K37 G* 1 G# B B - ) = B )T $= B )T = B )T = B ' )T F G1 JG4K37 G07 73 G # # # ;B "( = - ) = ! )TECCE $= B < # , - )TETTET = ! )T>T = !" )TRI>> # # # '" # ! B " # &, $ !% ! " " '$ - & # , ' B '" .### ## '" , ' $ * # , $ -) < # 2102015U2017V7 K $!% #W. < #W. $ $ !% , $!% - B $ H * ( '!" # '!" $!% #. # < , B $ !% 7 !" ( B $ ,; = $ # % $!" 2( ## #.$ !" 1 " B $ $!" 1 = 7 2 CT TT !" " !" TCT G - B , ( !" TT 1X = 7 ⋅ TT $ ( ,CTX > 210YY 4 ** $$ ! # B & . B 2- $< E # $$ ( ") 2;0= ? 2( $ , - - " > ? TE E 1 = 7 # # $$. C 1ZU !" #. $ # # ,;- = I #. $ # # ,;- = ) 1 = - ) = 2!" ? $= 1 ? G !" ," 2!" ," 1 TT> 2!" TT> +, '!" '" - ( B < !" , TT < ( # < # < - B 2 - '" < < TT < < < ET G $ '" -$ TT ) 1'" -?TT ⋅ ? TT ⋅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∑ = ∑ . , −,/ = 5 =# =# 4 4 ∑ =∑ ., E=# E E E=# E − , /E = ."D/ .""/ 5/ 0 B ; ? 6 ∑ . , − , / =# 4 ∑ ., E E =# = 5 − , / - E = ."F/ ."G/ - / ) B 0 # ,# - ,- 1 ,4 @ ! 1 , + , ++ , 1 1 ,= # # - = # + - ++ 1 ∑, E=# 1 E ∑ E=# E ."H/ E / I B 0 : . 5 : / . 5 6 / / I B $ : . : / . / B @ 5 ; 2 5D )+>8"#:*J8*87&$%&'(')'$%)'* *800>0 ,' ,'' #D -# D #G" G -# -H " -D" #--" -H " H #" -"- " D- F H" -# D- DK D D"" #H- DK "F "-" #"G" : ##" )7)8 L7M)>!B * F ,= ∑, ' ' '=# = ##" = H "- $%&'N>7$%)('* "-# $ N & + . $ / ,#,-, 9: ! ."K/ $ = ,#, - , "-- $ N & 0 ,# ,- ,1 2 # - 1 . $ / 3 ! $ = ,## , -- , 11 ."#/ 5 @ ."#/: ! 1 ∑ . , / $ =# =# ."##/ B @ 5 ; 2 5"# )+>8"-:*J8*87&$%&'N>7$%)('* *800>0 , , , #D -# D #G" #-DH -# -H " -D" #HK#FF FKD"H -H " H #" #DKH## ##KHFDHD " D- F H" #"H"DF# K"#-FDD D- DK D D"" #F"H## FF-DF DK "F "-" #G-#"K "#FDGH : : D"-KFD )7)8 L7M)>!B * $ =#  D" -KFD          = -#D DKG-#"- D " $7& "# $ & + & ,#,-, . $ / ; B ;< @ 3 3 5 7 ! DDDD"""H D. / ! DD"""FFFH :"F. 5 / "- $ & M 2 .$/ O *9 5 !  ∆#  $ =8 +    ∆#+∆ -  ! ."#-/ 8C . 5 ; 2 / *: ? 2P ∆#C ; 2 2 P ∆-C ; 2 2 P C " B @ 5 ; 2 5 "# 2 H !   . H −" / $ =-H+  G=- -  .H−"/+.H−F/  "D $>&'M "D# $ & + & ,# ,- , . $ / . 6 / . / B . 6 /! D"GHK## G C K 6 & D"GGK# F "G CH. / "D- $ & M 2 . $ / @ !  B− ′  $ =8 +    $  ."#/ F ! 8C P - BC C ; P QC ? P $C 25 P C * @ 5 ; 2 5"# ; 3! = = =#" R - - #"S 5 ; 5 2 ./ 39 S B ! #"−K  $ =-H+   G= -"  H  "" )'8'TUV7&0$>&'&0&>)>M&WM*'*>M)(8 ""# $ % 9 9 3 % ! / 5 3 3 % X X ; 6 P G 5/ ; 6 X 6 ; 9 9P / 5 ; 6 3 P / ; 9: 3 ;< : > 9 3 O@ P / 5 ; ""- $ N % B 6 3@ 6 "" $ % ! / 2P 5/ ; @ 3 P / 5 ;< 2 . /> H @ ""D $ / @ 5 ; P 5/ @ P / 5 ;< 2 5 . / K 0 9 B @ : > I#I-I : I- & 3 9 : &# &- &K # : B# B- BKK 7 ? 7 -"R G"R #RR F# LY($8B(7*J8*87&70I()'0 B ?O : !  B− ′  I =8 +    I  .F#/ ! 8C BC C#-P C ; P D QC 2 ? P IC 25 P C D F- LY($8B(7*J8*87&70&>*'0  B− ′  & =8 +    &  .F-/ ! 8C BC C#-KP C ; P # QC 2 ? P &C 25 P C F LY($8B(7*J8*87&70B>(*>M)'0  B − ′  B =8 +    B  .F/ ! 8C BC C#-KKP C ; P # QC 2 ? P BC 25 P C * @ R "R G"R 5 ; 2 5"# D# *3 RI ! ; R 3! B= K = = = -- " R D D D --"S 5 ; 5 2 ./ 3 9 DS R B !  -- "−#G  I =" +  G=D# D- F   G"= D#D- -"= D#D- *3 "R&! ; "R 3 B= " " #" = = =#" R # # # #"S 5 ; 5 2 ./ 3 9 S "R B ! #"−K  & " =-H+  G= -"  H  3 I-C&"CB"C$ D- *3 G"R ! ; G"R 3! B= G" G" --" = = = -- " R # # # ; R P  -- "−#G  BG" =" +  G=D# D- F   ICBG" D ;< 5 5 ;< 6 O 93: 5 ;< 9 0 5 353 ! N !ZGPG#PFKPGPG[ N +!Z""PHPGPF-PH[ * 5 , =G , 5 =G + 6 5 $ 5 FK G# + "" H 5 + B 5 ; 6 ! X ; B DD G# $B8')&>)7)8 .(/ @# @- @ ; .@3@/ .@/ ! ( = , @ − , .G#/ B @ ! N !(CG#:FKCN +!(CH:""C-H 0 .*/ ! N *!ZFP"P"PFP"[ (CF:"C-H M + * 5 & @ 9 3 ? G- \(']M*'&B7B8UV7B(&&70+()70 X.σ-/ M @#@-@M ; ? ! M σ- = ∑ (, −µ ) =# M - .G-/ D" G-# \ X B ; & + :LO 5 & @ .G-/ 5: @ .G/ ! M σ- = ∑, =# −Mµ .G/ M G \(']M*'&B7B8UV7B(&&70N(B&70 0 ,# ,- ,1 2 # - 1 X 3 ! 4 - σ = ∑ (, −µ) =# 4 ∑ =M =# G# - .GD/ \ X B ; & :LO 5 & 3 @ .GD/ : ?@ .G"/ ! 4 σ- = ∑ =# , - − M µ 4 ∑ =# = M .G"/ @ < 9 X ; 5 @ < σ 0P Mµ- , - M :# DF 7 3 X 9 @ 3 B 5 : GD &>0\'7B&(V7&>$$70)( 7 .0/ 9 X \ X 5"# )+>8G#:*J8*87&\(']M*'>&>0\'7B&(V7 *800>0 , - , , - #D -# D #G" F-" #--" -# -H " -D" F-" #-" -H " H #" KK--" GKH " D- F H" #DH--" HHK" D- DK D D"" -G-" H-H# DK "F "-" -G"F-" H-FHG" : : GFG" )7)8 L7M)>!B * M @ 5 , = H * : ! 0- = GFG " − (H ) =##-HGG −# 3! 0 = ##-HGG =# F- - DG G" *7>L'*'>M)>&>\('UV7&>B>(07M 7 ; B ./ 0 , ! 0 # , = .GF/ M ; : ! *\ = σ # µ .GG/ 0 3 O 3 6 6 ;< ! / 5 3 P 5/ 5 3 5 ;< 3 55 I ;< 9 ; B 0 6 5 , = " 0C-" + 5 ,+ = F 0+C-" M 5 0C0+$ ! *\ = - " # = "= " +! *\+ = - " # = D# FG= F *\^*\+ + DH ; _ 5 ; 2 ? 5 5 ? * ; ? 5 ; 6 ; M H# $7$>M)70 7 .$ / @#@-, ! $ = ∑, =# .H#/ B C# $# = , 7 .$ / ; , ! ∑ (, − , ) $ = =# .H-/ B C- $-C0M 2 @ < .H#/.H-/ ! DK 4 $ = ∑, =# 4 ∑ = =# ∑ (, −, ) 4 $ = .H/ =# 4 ∑ = =# .HD/ H- 00'$>)(' 5 ; 2 I ./ .$/ 5 ! = $ 0 .H"/ 7 B ./ @ ! = , −$ 0 .HF/ B C 5 ; 3 5 ; I ` 5 ; ? ^ 5 ; ? I < #" 5 ; B : " #"≤ < # ≥ # ;< 3 M H# L'N(H#:>,>$B870&>&'0)('+'Ua>000'$%)('*0>0'$%)('*0 ? 0 ? H *()70> 5 ; . 5 ; O 3 5 / * ; 5 ; 5 ;< H- 9 ; 5 ;< 2 L'N(H-:>,>$B87&>&'0)('+'UV7$>07*b()'*B8)'*b()'*>8>B)7*b()'* $ B 8 "# I * $ * .D/ X ! D = $D 0D .HG/ B D C 5 ; I D ` 5 ; D ^ 5 ; M 3 O 5 ;< @ * @ B 5 "# , = HP 0 =# F- $ = - - )+>8H#:*J8*87&70$7$>M)70&7*7>L'*'>M)>&>00'$>)('>*()70> *800>0 ( , − ,) , ( , − ,) D #D -# D #G" :#GD#HH# -HDDDK-# -# -H " -D" :DFH#- GHHG""" -H " H #" :###KDG -"GHD " D- F H" F##H"D -H"GFK D- DK D D"" F"G-KGH GD#HKFFF DK "F "-" #K"-DD FD"H : DK#HHK- GFHH# )7)8 L7M)>!B * * 5H# ! $ = DK#HHK=#F FKF $D = GFHH# = -"DF-G# "- 75 ! = #F FKF (# F-) = #D M 5 "# , = H $ = -- 0 = #F- B 3! = H − - - = #" # F- * 9 #" 5 ; 5"# \ @ 3 ! 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B .-J'& :3 + )% .- # &8))&2 ) ) .(8() ))&) ( :3 B ) ) #))5() 9 :3 :3 B :93 :;3 A> 3 #) 06 T8.& ) 06 )2 :$3 ; D ! ; $ #01) & 7 ) )#0 ) 2 9 <"2 ∅ +62 ∪ B CI 2 I ∈ I ∈F )&062 ∩ B CI 2 I ∈ I ∈F # 2 B CI 2 I ∈ 9 I∉ F B 9 H .02 H B CI 2 I ∈ I ∉F B ∩ 2 ( ∪ B ∪ 4 ∩ B ∩ ;2 ))& ( ∪ : ∪ 3 B : ∪ 3 ∪ B ∪ ∪ 4 ∩ : ∩ 3 B : ∩ 3 ∩ B ∩ ∩ >2 ) ( AD ∩ : ∪ 3 B : ∩ 3 ∪ : ∩ 3 4 ∪ : ∩ 3 B : ∪ 3 ∩ : ∪ 3 D2 ) # ) : 3 B ∩ B ∅ ∪ B 9 9 B ∅ ∅ B 9 E2 ) ∩ 9 B ∪ 9 B 9 ∩ ∅ B ∅ ∪ ∅ B 2 ) N% : ∪ 3 B ∩ 4 : ∩ 3 B ∪ A2 &7 # ) )& &2 B : ∩ 3 ∪ : ∩ 3 2 &7 ∪ # ) )& &2 : ∪ 3 B ∪ : ∩ 3 2 9 ⊂ , 62 ∩ B ∪ B AE ; I N9 9 9 97 )#0 ) , ξ &)) ( ) .06 ( . ξ 6 &= .06 # , # ( , ) ) )% ) $) ) (.& U ( , ! ≤ :3 ≤ 3 :>3 ;U :93 B :D3 >U 9 )6 ( ) $&)(), ) , 6 # & ) #, 62 :+3 B :3 V :3 :E3 DU 9 , ;, , )-J'& ( ) $&)(), 62 : +; + +3 B :3 V :;3 V V :3 :3 $#)2 H =8 >! ) ! (=), E ") E &) & # )5 (= " 9062 : < 3 = ! E = 4 : W3 = = >! > >! ) ( ) (= " ) $& #& $ >, H)2 : < ∪ 3 = : < 3 + : 3 = + = > ; ; H + & $ 5 &) = & E; & ) & # )2 3 4 &3 , ) 6 )4 3 & )4 3 , ) A 9062 97 ) ( )2 B K & L B K & )L 3 :3 = D 4 E; 3 :3 = > 4 E; &3 )7 ) ( )2 B K & L B K & )L G) &&2 : − 3 = :3 − : ∩ 3 = 9 > ; > D > − = E; E; E; 3 : , )3 : ∩ 3 = : ∪ 3 = > = E; ; : ∪ 3 = − : ∪ 3 = − [:3 + :3 − : ∩ 3] >  D + + : ∪ 3 = −   E; E; E;   : ∪ 3 = − 9 > ; > > = E; E; > H ') &() , ) 6 & ) (") ) #(8( %= - ) (") ) - 3 G) )6 ) #) ( * & , ) , :3, :3 :3X 3 G) ) #) - %=X AA 9062 3 97 :3 B ) (") ) #(8( %= - , 6 :3 B ; ) (") ) #(8( - , 62 :3 B ;:3 B ;:;3 B D :3 V :3 V :3 B , H)2 V ; V D B A = ∴ = )) H)2 A ; D :3 = 4 : 3 = 4 : 3 = A A A 3 )6 $& ), H)2 : ∪ 3 = : 3 + :3 = ; > + = A A A > N9 9 9 U 9 ∅ &7 (", 62 : ∅ 3 B ! :A3 ) 062 E H) -2 :∅ ∪ 9 3 B 9 :3 :∅ ∩ 9 3 = ∅ , % ∅ 9 )6 $& ) #& $ > :3 H)2 : ∅ ∪ 93 B :93 ∴ : ∅ 3 V :93 B :93 ∴ : ∅ 3 B ! ;U 9 ( &# ( , 62 : 3 B H :3 :3 A ) 062 = 9 − ∴ : 3 = : 9 3 − : 3 : 3 = − : 3 >U 9 : Y 3 .0 , 62 :!3 : − 3 = : 3 − : ∩ 3 ) 062 9 − = − : ∩ 3 ∴ : − 3 = : 3 − : ∩ 3 DU 9 . ) ( ) -)-, ) , 6 $&)(), 62 : ∪ 3 = : 3 + : 3 − : ∩ 3 :3 ) 062 ( ∪ # ) &#) ) ( ) $&)() : Y 3 , )72 ∪ B : H 3 ∪ +) > $ > H)2 : ∪ 3 B : H 3 V :3 : ∪ 3 B :3 H : ∩ 3 V :3 ∴: ∪ 3 B :3 V :3 H : ∩ 3 EU 9 , . ') ( ) -)-, ) , 6 $& ), 62 : ∪ ∪ 3 B :3 V :3 V :3 H : ∩ 3 H : ∩ 3 H : ∩ 3 V : ∩ ∩ 3 $#)2 H ) )% ) ) )6 )#5() .2 D!Z ) & ) &# # E!Z ) & ) &# # :;3 A D!Z ) & ) &# # Z ) & ) &# ) # ) Z ) & ) &# ) # ) ;Z ) & ) &# ) # ) Z ) & ) &# ) # ) , 9 & )&= &), - # &#2 3 # 4 3 4 3 ) # ) 4 3 = ) # )4 &3 ) # 4 .3 ) # ) 9062 % < H)2 9 A ; ; E ! 3 &4 : 3 = D! !! 3 : ∪ 3 = : 3 + : 3 − : ∩ 3 = D! E! A; + − = !! !! !! !! & 3 : − − 3 = :3 − : ∩ 3 − : ∩ 3 + : ∩ ∩ 3 = = E! ; A − − + = !! !! !! !! !! ! 3 : ∩ 3 = : ∪ 3 = − : ∪ 3 = − [: 3 + : 3 − : ∩ 3] = D! ;  >  E! + − : ∩ 3 = −  = !! !! !!  !! 3 : ∪ ∪ 3 = − : ∪ ∪ 3 = : ∪ ∪ 3 = − [: 3 + :3 + :3 − : ∩ 3 − : ∩ 3 − : ∩ 3 + : ∩ ∩ 3] = E! D! ;   D! + + − − − + : ∪ ∪ 3 = −  = !! !! !! !! !! !! !!  : ∪ ∪ 3 = − . 3 : ∩ 3 = = !! !! !! ; H ) # &# ) ) &$ .&=) ) !! 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L :3 B H :3 B H !,;A B !,A; D &3 97 ( 2 B K . ;L :3 B :;3 B !, 3 97 ( 2 B K . ) L % H) - : 3 B !,! 2 B H ; H > : 3 = : − ; − > 3 = : 3 − : ∩ ; 3 − : ∩ > 3 + : ∩ ; ∩ > 3 : 3 = !,− !,!− !,!+ !,!!= !,! 3 97 ( 2 B K . > ) 6 ;L = : ∪ > 3 − ; : 3 = : ∪ > 3 − [: ∪ > 3 ∩ ; ] = : ∪ > 3 − [: ∩ ; 3 ∪ : ; ∩ > 3] = : 3 = : ∪ > 3 − [: ∩ ; 3 + : ; ∩ > 3 − : ∩ ; ∩ > 3] = : 3 = : 3 + : > 3 − : ∩ > 3 − : ∩ ; 3 − : ; ∩ > 3 + : ∩ ; ∩ > 3 = : 3 = !+ !,− !,!− !,!− !,!+ !,!!= : 3 = !,A .3 97 ( 2 P B K ) . ) ;L :P3 B : ∩ ;3 B !,! %3 97 ( 2 T B K6 . >L :T3 = : > 3 = − : > 3 = − !,= !, E =3 97 ( 2 \ B K 8$ ) . )L [ ] :\3 = : ∩ ; ∩ > 3 ∪ : ∩ ; ∩ > 3 ∪ : ∩ ; ∩ > 3 ∪ : ∩ ; ∩ > 3 = :\3 = > !,!+ !,A; = !,A; 4 2 [ ] :\3 = : ∩ ; ∩ > 3 ∪ : ; ∩ ∩ > 3 ∪ : > ∩ ∩ ; 3 ∪ : ∩ ; ∩ >3 3 = [ ] :\3 = : − ; − > 3 ∪ : ; − − > 3 ∪ : > − − ; 3 ∪ : ∪ ; ∪ > 3 = :\3 = !,!+ !,!+ !,!+ !,A; = !,A; U & .062 97 ) ) & :3 ] ! ) # :S3 # &'& , =#* ) 78 & &, #)) ) ( )#0 ) )) H) )% .062 : S 3 = : ∩ 3 : 3 :>3 AU N #&06 ) $#))6 :>3 H)2 : ∩ 3 = : 3: S 3 :D3 $#))6 :D3 ) " - # &'& % # &'& (") # &'& =#* ) 78 & :$ 06 ) #)063 $#)2 H + & $ 5 &) = & E; & ) # 2 3 & ) .%, )H) - & )4 3 & ) ), )H) - & .% 9062 3 97 ) ( )2 B K & .%L B K & )L G) &&2 > : ∩ 3 E; > = = : S 3 = > > : 3 E; 3 G) &&2 > : ∩ 3 E; > = = : S 3 = ; ; : 3 E; ; H ##06 D #))), -) )6 0), ; #))) )6 )&=) &), ) #)06 G # ) ) 0)X 9062 ) 06 =#% & H)2 B K) )6 0)L      ;  ! ; ; = = = !, >! : 3 = D  ; + " # && H)2 B K ^ 0L B K ;^ 0L A G) &&2 : ∩ 3 = : 3 : S 3 : ∩ 3 = A E ; = = = !,>! D > ; U ) ) ( ) # ) .062 ) ( ) )6 ) # ) )2 : ∩ 3 B :3 :3 :E3 ) &) :S3 B :3 :S3 B :3, ) , # &'& 6 . # &'&, 6 ') ( ) , ;, > )6 # ) )2 : ∩ [3 B :3 :[3 , ≠ [ :3 : ∩ [ ∩ O3 B :3 :[3 :O3 ≠ [ ≠ O :A3 9 ) :3 ) (.& ) ( ) )6 ) ) # ), ) 6 # ) $#)2 H 9 ) ) )6 0), - # - & ) 5 E # ) 9062 97 ) ( )2 B KE 0 U L ; B KE 0 ;U L )#0 ) # & 2 9 B C, ;, >, D, E, F 4 9; B C, ;, >, D, E, F : 3 = ; ; 4 : ; 3 = #& .06 #'& H)2 : ∩ ; 3 = : 3 : ; 3 = ; ; D = > 906 # & % ) # ) )#0 ) 2 97 ( 2 B K& ) 5 E # )L B C:E,E3, :E,3, :,E3, :,3F : , 3 , :, ;3 , :, >3 , :, D3 , :, E3 , :, 3   : ;,3 , : ;,;3 , : ;,>3 , : ;,D3 , : ;,E3 , : ;,3      : >,3, : >,;3 , : >,>3 , : >,D3 , : >,E3 , : >,3   D   : 3 =  > : D,3 , : D,;3 , : D,>3 , : D,D3 , : D,E3 , : D,3      : E,3 , : E,;3 , : E,>3 , : E,D3 , : E,E3 , : E,3    : ,3 , : ,;3 , : ,>3 , : ,D3 , : ,E3 , : ,3  ; H 9H) - S> ) ) & & &) 5 =), !Z ) ) ( 06 #)& ) ( ) # ), # )&= ) %, - )7 = - = ( 06 #)& >!Z > H ;EZ ) (") &=% &) # 7 , 7 ) !Z ) (") ) ( ) # ) ) )) ) )) 7 , - # & ) ) ))X >;,EZ U #&062 ') 8-) :, 3 #" E!Z, >!Z ;!Z )#& ( #0) .8& ) #& %) #0) . )) ))) 8-) )6 >, D EZ 9 #0 )& , &= # ) . ) 9062 97 ( 2 I B K #0 . )L () % 8( H)2 !,A !,E !,> !,!> !, I !,!D I !,; !,E !,!E I ) #) # . %& () % <, )72 I , . # 06 9, )6 $&)() 6 9 ) )&( I & )2 I B 9 ∩ I I B : ∪ ∪ 3 ∩ I I B : ∩ I3 ∪ : ∩ I3 ∪ : ∩ I3 #& .06 # H)2 ! :I3 B : ∩ I3 ∪ : ∩ I3 ∪ : ∩ I3 :I3 B :3 :IS3 V :3 :IS3 V :3 :IS3 % 8( H)2 :I3 B !,E !,!> V !,> !,!D V !,; !,!E B !,!>A T& 2 9 ) ( ) , ;, O #) # 06 )#0 ) 9 -2 3 ∩ [ = ∅ , ∀ ≠ [ 3 O ∪ = 9 = 3 : 3 > ! , ∀ 6 # ( 2 I B : ∩ I3 ∪ :; ∩ I3 ∪ ∪ :O ∩ I3 )8 # # & )%2 O : I 3 = ∑ : [ 3 : I S [ 3 [ = :3 !U _) #&062 $# , )#= - #0 )& )7 . ) G # ) 8- X 9062 G) &&2 : S I 3 = : ∩ I 3 : 3 : I S 3 = : I 3 : I 3 # ) -2 :I3 B :3 :I S 3 V :3 :I S 3 V :3 :I S 3 B !,!>A ))2 : S I 3 = !,E !,!> E = !,!>A >A ) H)2 : S I 3 = ; 4 >A : S I 3 = ! >A T& 2 : S I 3 = : ∩ I 3 = : I 3 O : 3 : I S 3 ∑ : [ 3 : I S [ 3 4 = , ;, , O :3 [ = $#2 &$ & & ) ) &$ & E & ) ) E + &$ )&= & 9 #, & # & ( &$ 9062 % 8( H)2 DS S; ES ;SE S; >SE ; #&H) _) H)2 : S 3 = : ∩ 3 : 3 : S 3 = = : 3 : 3 : S 3 + : 3 : S 3 D D ! ; = = : S 3 = D ; > + ; ; E ! ; : 3 : S 3 ; E = = : S 3 = > : 3 ! > ) #) ) 3 + )6 0) . & B K&L O B K &L 97 )#0 ) 9 #2 9 B C:O43, :O4;3, :O4>3, :O4D3, :O4E3, :O43, :&43, :&4;3, :&4>3, :&4D3, :&4E3, :&43F 97 ) ( )2 B K& &L B K& #L B K& ;L H)2 ) ) ) )% ) &7 )2 3 {:&,3:&, ;3:&, >3:&, D3:&, E3:&, 3:O, ;3:O, D3:O, 3} 3 {:&, ;3:&, D3:&, 3} &3 {:O, ;3:&, ;3} 3 {:&, ;3} 3 {:&,3:&, ;3:&, >3:&, D3:&, E3:&, 3:O, ;3:O, D3:O, 3} .3 {:&, ;3} %3 {:O,3:O, ;3:O, >3:O, D3:O, E3:O, 3} =3 {:O,3:O, >3:O, E3:&,3:&, >3:&, E3} 3 {:&,3:&, >3:&, D3:&, E3:&, 3:O,3:O, >3:O, D3:O, E3:O, 3} 73 9 O3 ∅ 3 {:O,3:O, ;3:O, >3:O, D3:O, E3:O, 3:&,3:&, >3:&, E3} > ;3 + $# &)) #% ) =) ) ) ) 6 # & I 3 )#0 ) # $# { ( )( )( 9 = (I, I ; ) I, I ; I, I ; I,I ; )} 3 ( B K 8$ = ) # & IL {( )( )( = I, I ; I, I ; I,I ; )} >3 ) )#0 ) # & & # ) =) ) , # )) )#0, #)) ) ) # ), & # ), ) A ; D3 9 :3 B $, :3 B _ ( ) B ", &&2 3 ( ) $ V _ H " 3 Y $ Y _ V " &3 _ H " 3 ( ) ( ) ( ) Y :$ Y "3 E3 97 , ( ) ) - :3 B :3 B :3 B D & # - # ) ) ( ) , ( ) = ( ) = ! 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P&') )#= 9 ) )&= , & # 2 3 ) P&') )#= 3 6 ) P&') )#= > D D >E3 )) &&06 5, ) H) 5% ) :!,3 )) # ( 5% &# # & 972 B K (L B K &L 9H) ( ) . ) -2 ( ) ( ) S =!, ! S =!, ! ( )=!, E ! & ) )% ) #)2 3 ( S ) !, 3 ( S ) !,! &3 ( S ) 3 ( S ) !, !,! >3 ) 06 ) #" ! %) ) . ) > & . ) 06 ) ) #" > %) ) . E & . ) %) &$ #06 ) 06 )6 )&) &) () &$ #06 ) #) % $ 5 &$ ) 06 ) G # - )) % )7 . ) A >! >A3 + &# `& &)) ') #0) #0 # !, .& ) ). - .& ) ). * #0 6 # .& ) ), # - &# .= ) ; ) #0) 6 .& ) ). !,!!!; >3 ) #) () % (), )&=H) &) D ) :) #)063 #&H) ))) ) G # - # )7 #) (X E!E !! >3 .8& && ) `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a< 9 b 9 .062 97 ξ $# 9 )#0 ) ))& $# + .06 I, - ))& & ) ∈ 9 I:)3 (8( * #) 06 T8.&2 9 I D ) I:)3 ); I:);3 )> I:)>3 P06 <8( * )& .062 + (8( * I )& ), () #))5() I . . . 8( ) 06 #) (8( * )& I , .- , )#&.& # #) ) () #))5(), 7 & # & ))) () )6 $#))) " .*, - %8.& .06 :I B $3 B :$3, .06 # (8( * I ) 06 :$3 ) )." ) &01)2 !E ∈ :;!3 3: $ 3≥!,∀$ 3 ∑ : $3= :;3 $ G- .06 - ) ).0 ) &01) & .06 # D; P06 ) 06 ( <8( * )& .062 .06 ) 06 & ( (8( * )& I, # #2 P: I 3 = : I ≤ $ 3 = ∑ .: $ 3 $ ≤ $ :;;3 (8( * )& I, ) )." ) )% ) ##)2 3 P: I3 = : I ≤ $ 3 = ∑ : $ 3 $ ≤ $ ;3 ! ≤ P: I3 ≤ :;>3 :;D3 >3 P: I3 .06 6H&)& , ) 2 9 $ ≤ _ , 6 P: $ 3 ≤ P: _3 $#)2 H 0 ) ) 97 ( 2 I B K &) )L I B C!, , ;F :;E3 ! #) 06 T8.&2 9 I :&,&;3 ; :&,O;3 :O,&;3 ! :O,O;3 % 8(2 S; S; S; S; S; ; c; ; c S; c; .06 :I B $3 B :$3, .06 # (8( * I ) . - % 8( H)2 ; : I = !3 = 4 : I = 3 = 4 : I = ;3 = D D D P06 # . -2 I B $ ! ; :I B $3 D ; D D ) 06 :$3 .06 #, (" - ) )." ) &01) :;!3 :;3 !A ; H ! #0), > ) -) . )), $ H) > #0) :) #)063 97 I #0) . )) ) H)2 3 (.- ) (8( * I #) .06 #4 3 && :I ≤ ;3 9062 3 $ B C!, , ;, >F & 5 I + " ) 06 \#% & H)2  >  A       $   > − $ , $ = !, , ;, > : I = $ 3 = !     >  >  A      !  > >E = : I = ! 3 = ;! !     >  >  A        ; > = : I = 3 = ;! !     >  >  A      ;   ; : I = ;3 = = ;! !     >  >  A       >  ! : I = >3 = = ;! !     > ! #) 06 T8.&2 :, , 3 > :, , 3 :, , 3 ; : , , 3 : , , 3 : , , 3 : , , 3 ! : , , 3 P06 # . -2 I B $ ! ; > :I B $3 >E ;! > ;! ; ;! ;! T8.& :\) %3 :$3 !,E ! ; $ > 3 :I ≤ ;3 B :I B !3 V :I B 3 V :I B ;3 B ;! ! > H & ) &= I ( d #5 , ) &=(, (8( * & )% ) 06 #2 :I B $3 B O :> H $3 :D H $3 , $ B !, , ;, > :O &) 3 3 & ( O4 3 - # = & - &= - #5X4 &3 - # # ) & 4 3 - # & 8$ 9062 3 ) .06 #2 ∑ : $ 3 = ∴ > ∑ O :> − $ 3 :D − $ 3 = $=! $ O[> D + ; > + ; + ! ] = ∴ ;!O = ∴ O = )) H)2 : $ 3 = : > − $ 3 : D − $ 3 , $ = !, , ;, > ;! 3 := & 3 : $ = ! 3 = ; > = = : > − !3: D − !3 = ;! ;! ! E &3 :# ) & 3 : $ ≥3 = − : $ = !3 = − > ; = E E 3 : 8$ 3 : $ ≤ 3 = : $ = 3 + : $ = 3 = : $ = 3 = > + = ! ! ! > = : > − 3 : D − 3 = ;! ;! ! ;! ! D H 97 I # ) - #& 7% 6H(& 3 & ) 06 # I4 3 && : e I e D3 9062 3 ) 06 # I   , ) $ = ,;,>,D,E, : $ 3 =  !, &) & 8 3 : e I e D3 B :I B ;3 V :I B >3 B D> = ) 01) 7 ) # <8() *) )& ) 9 I d )6 (8() *) )& ), .) .06 # &7 I d #2 : I = $, d = _ 3 = : $ , _ 3 :;3 2 :;A3 3 : $, _ 3 ≥ ! 3 ∑ ∑ : $ , _ 3 = $ :;3 _ + .06 # &7 # I d # ) #) # - # &7 , & #) )% # ) I B I[ ) )H) ) ) ) = &)# $[, ) : d = _O 3 = ; : _O 3 = ∑ : $ [ , _O 3 , O = , ;, , [ = :;3 G+ [+ I d _ d d; d I :I, d3 :I, d;3 :I, d3 :I3 I; :I;, d3 :I;, d;3 :I;, d3 :I;3 I :I, d3 :I, d;3 :I, d3 :I3 ;:d3 ;:d;3 ;:d3 I ) () :$[3 ;:dO3 )6 &=) .01) %) #, # . ) #) ) ) ) () ) %) - ))2 ∑ :$ [= :>!3 [ 3= ∑ : d 3= O = ; :>3 O - # ) )& &2 ∑ ∑ : $ , d 3= [= O = [ O :>;3 $#2 - )% #) .06 # &7 ) (8() *) )& ) I d, # :$, _3 B :;$ V _3, $ _ # ) () ) ) - ! ≤ $ ≤ ;, ! ≤ _ ≤ >, ) :$, _3 B ! ) ) ) &)) H)2 3 &) - # &7 4 ; 3 ( &) &4 &3 :I B ;, d B 34 3 :I ≥ , _ ≤ ;3 9062 3 - # &7 2 _ ! ; > ! ! ; > ; > D E D ; D E A ;; ; E D; I 3 .06 D; = ∴ = D; &3 : I = ;, d = 3 = E = E D; 3 : I ≥ , d ≤ ;3 = : ; + > + D3 + : D + E + 3 = ;D = DD ;D D = D; A <8() *) )& ) # ) 97 I d (8() *) )& ) 9 ) ( ) I B $ d B _ )6 # ) # $ _, 6 ") - I d )6 (8() *) # ) &)2 :I B $, d B _3 B :I B $3 :d B _3 :>>3 $#2 N) - ) (8() *) I d # )6 # ) 9062 > .06, ) I d )6 # ), () # $ _2 : I = $ , d = _ 3 = : I = $ 3 : d = _ 3 : I = ;3 = ;; : d = 3 = D; D; : I = ; , d = 3 = ;; >> = = = = D; D; AD ; ;D ) : I = ;, d = 3 = DE E D; E , 6 ) (8() I d )6 # ) ≠ D; & <) - ) :3 ] !, 62 : S 3 = : ∩ 3 : 3 :>D3 9 I d )6 (8() *) )& ) ) )2 : 2 I B $3, : 2 d B _3, 6 $#))6 :>;3 ) 2 : d = _ S I = $ 3 = : $, _ 3 : $ 3 :>E3 2 :$, _3 B :I B $, d B _3 .06 # &7 I d :$3 .06 # % I )) :d B _SI B $3 &= .06 # && d I $#2 H ) 06 &7 $# , 2 3 :dS;34 &3 :d B SIB ;3 D 9062 # 2 :$, _3 B : ;$ + _3 D; : ;$ + _ 3 : $ , _ 3 D; , # $ = ; − )2 3 : _ S $ 3 = = : $ 3 : $ 3 :D + _3 :D + _ 3 D + _ D; D + _ : _ S ;3 = D; = D; = = ;; : ;3 D; ;; ;; D; E : ; , 3 E = D; = 3 : d = S I = ;3 = ;; ;; : ;3 D; ; H )8) #) ) , -- #5 = (8( * & ) 06 #) #2 :I3 B O:E H I3 :D H I3 , I B !, , ;, >, D & # , -- #5 =, ) #) ) 2 3 $ ) )8)4 3 ) )8) 8$4 &3 $ ), ) # ) ) 8 #) 9062 & () #& &8& O 9) -2 E ∑ : $ 3 = $ D! > = 3 : I = ;3 = : E − ;3 : D − ;3 = D! D! ;!  ;  3 : I ≤ ;3 = − [: I = >3 + : I = D3] = −  + ! =  D!  ;! O: ;! + ; + + ; + !3 = D!O = ∴ O = &3 " && # && H)2 : I = ;3 = : I = ; S I ≥ 3 = − : I = ! 3 D D! = D! = > ;! D! ;! ! − D! P06 ) <8( * 5 9 (8( * # ) ) () & (, (8( * & 5 ) &), %8.& # 8 )#& &( & #) )% P T+ Y P+fg 9 < a< I .:$3 I ! .06 .:$3 - ) ).0 ) ##) ; )% &= .06 ) # :.#3 (8( * & 5 I 3 . : $ 3 ≥ !, ∀ $ ∈ :>3 +∞ 3 ⌠  . : $ 3 $ = ⌡ −∞ :>A3 # I ) &# . #2 : < I < 3 = ⌠  . : $ 3 $ ⌡ :>3 $#)2 H # &)6 #0 & & )06 (8( * & 5 & .06 ) # #2  ; . : $ 3 = O $ , ! ≤ $ ≤ , $ & ) =) ! , &) & 8 3 O4 3 #0 )&= &) && & & )06 G # - ) D!! =)4 &3 - #& % #0) & ( !! D!! =) 9062 3 .:$3 ≥ !, # ! ≤ $ ≤ .:$3 ( ) )." :>A3 )) H)2 A +∞ −∞ ! ⌠ ⌠ ; ;  O $ $ = ∴ O  $ $ = ⌡ ⌡  $; +  O > O $  = ; > +  !  O= [ ] = ! O [; − !] = ∴ A;O = > A; 3 G) :! ≤ $ ≤ D3 B X D D ;  $>  ⌠$ = $ $>   =  A;  >  ; ⌡ A; ! [ ] D ! = ! : ! ≤ $ ≤ D 3 = D = D − !] = [ ; ; = = !,; = ;,Z ED ;A &3 : ≤ $ ≤ D3B X D ∫ D [ ] $;  $>  $ = $>   = A; A;  >  ; (≤ I ≤ D ) = D [D −]= > = ; = A = !,;; = ;,;Z ; A; ;D ; ; H .06 ) # < I #2 O −; $ $ ≥ ! .:$ 3 =  ! $< ! & 2 3 ( O4 3 :I ] ;34 3 :H> e I ≤ D3 9062 ∞ ∞ ∞ ! !  −; $  −; $ −; $ ⌠ −; $ 3 ⌠  =− O  O $ = O  $ = O  ⌡ ⌡ ;  − ;  ! [ ] ∞ ! = ∞ =− O  O   = −  −  =  ;$  ;  ! ;  ∞  =− O O [! − ] = ; = ∴ O = ; ; ∞ ∞ ∞  −; $  ⌠ ⌠ 3 : I > ;3 =  ; −; $ $ = ;  −; $ $ = ;   = ⌡ ⌡  −;  ; ; : I > ;3 = − ; [ ] ; ! − −D = −D = !,!> = ,>Z ; ! D [ ⌠ ⌠ & 3 : −> < $ ≤ D3 =  ! $ +  ; −; $ $ = − −; $ ⌡ ⌡ −> ] D ! = ! : −> < $ ≤ D3 = − − + = − − = !,A = , AZ > H # 06 -5& (8( * I & )% .06 ) #2 & $ ; , ≤ $ ≤ ;  . : $ 3 = & $ , ; < $ < > ! , &) & 8  2 3 &) &4 3 (I > ;) 4   > ; &3 < I <  9062 ; > > $>  $;   D   3 ∫ &$ $ + &$$ =∴&   + &   = &  −  + &  −  = ; ; > >  >   ; ; ; D& + E& A E = & + & =⇒ = > ; ;& = ∴& = ; ; ; ∫ > E 3 ⌠ $$ = =!, EA=E,AZ  ⌡ ; ; ; >; ; = !,D = ,DZ &3 ⌠ $ $ =  ⌡ ; DA P06 ) 06 ( <8( * 5 .062 .06 ) 06 & ( (8( * & 5 I, #2 P: $ 3 = : I ≤ $ 3 = $ ∫ .:3 4 − ∞ < $ < ∞ :>3 −∞ G .06 ) 06 & ( , (8( * & 5 I, . &=&, (8( # $, #H) .06 ) # :.#3, (" -2 .: $ 3 = Ph : $ 3 = P: $ 3 $ :D!3 ;! $#)2 H # &)6 #0 & & )06 (8( * & 5 & .06 ) # #2 $;  , ! ≤ $ ≤ , $ & ) =)  A; .: $ 3 =  !, &) & 8   & .06 ) 06 & ( 9062 P: $ 3 = $ ∫ .:3 = ! , ) $ e ! −∞ $ $ !  >  $> P: $ 3 = .:3 + .:3 =  , ) ! ≤ $ ≤  =  ;  ! ; −∞ ! ∫ P: $ 3 = ! ∫ ∫ .:3 + −∞ ∫ ! ∞ .:3 + ∫ .:3 = = ! + + ! = , ) $ ≥ 2  $> , ! ≤ $ ≤ , $ & ) =)   ; P: $ 3 =  , ) $ ≥   ; ; H 97 (8( * & 5 I & .06 ) 06 & ( #2 ! , ) $ ≤ !   P: $ 3 = $ ; , ) ! < $ <   , ) $ ≥ & .06 ) # I 9062 .: $3 = Pi : $ 3 , 62 ! , ) $ ≤ !   .: $ 3 = ; $ , ) ! < $ <   ! , ) $ ≥ D )#0 N 8 & <8( * )& .062 =H) )#0 8 & (8( * )& / ) ) # ) ) ) )) () #))5() # )) #) 9#=) - < I )) ) () $, $;, , $ & #) , ;, , , )72 I B $ $ $; $ :IB$3 ; ;; 6 # .062 : I 3 = $ + $ ; ; ++ $ = D ∑$ = :D3 )#0 N 8 & <8( * 5 .062 (8( * & 5 I & .# .:$3 .H) )#0 I &2 +∞ ⌠ : I 3 =  $ . : $ 3 $ ⌡ :D;3 −∞ $#)2 H - )% .& () #) ) # ; &# ) ) &# )) )) = ) #) )#& () & ( )# : () # 8- #5 )3 I B $ ! ; > D E :I B $3 ; ; D ; ; ! ; > ; ; ; ; 9062 : I 3 = ∑ I : $ 3 = ! $ ; D ! > ; + + ; + > + D + E + = ; ; ; ; ; ; ; :I3 B ;,D () # 8- ; H # )# # &= # )- &% # W ) (8( * & .# #2 O $ , < $ < D , =) .: $3 =  ! , &) & 8 ;> & # - & &= .& . )# 9062 3 8& O D D [ ] O ; ⌠ ⌠  O$ $ = O  $ $ = ; $ ⌡ ⌡ ! D ! = ! O [ − !] = O = = O = ; +∞ D D D −∞ ! ! ! ⌠ ; ⌠ ⌠ ⌠ ; 3 : I 3 =  $ .: $ 3 $ =  $ $ $ =  $ $ = $ $ =  ⌡ ⌡ ⌡ ⌡ D : I 3 =  $>  > $   =  >  ;D [ ] ! D ! = [D − !] = ;,A =) ;D D! <?& )( 6 <8( * )& @ .8& & (8() *) - #) ) , # . ) () #))5() <7) # $#, ) (8() *) I d, ) #) )% ) ) 01)2 I B $ :I B $3 E E !,E !,E :I3 B E !,E V E !,E B E d B _ :d B _3 ! ! !,E !,E :d3 B ! !,E V ! !,E B E (), ) ) ) (8() )6 ' &), # ) () I ) %# : :I33, - - ) () d ) & )#)) )) ), &=& ) , 6 ) # ." .'&) ) & ) () (8( ) ) ;D )) (, 7 & , "H) #? , (?&, - % .) ) ) 06 ) .062 97 I (8( * )& (?& )) (8( . #2 <: I 3 = [: I − : $ 3] ; :D>3 .* ( # &8& (?& # ) & &. )% 2 (?& % / .0 )#0 8 & - (8( * I - ) )#0 8 &, )72 <: I 3 = : I ; 3 − [ : I 3] ; :DD3 2 : I ; 3 = ∑ $ ; : $ 3 :DE3 $ ) 062 [ ] <: I 3 = [I − : I 3] = : I ; − ;I : I 3 + ;: I 33 = ; <: I 3 = : I ; 3 − ; : I 3 : I 3 + ; : I 3 = <: I 3 = : I ; 3 − ; ; : I 3 + ; : I 3 = <: I 3 = : I ; 3 − ; : I 3 )) 2 <: I 3 = : I ; 3 − [ : I 3] ; ;E > H ) ) ) $&5& : () #) ) # ; &# ) ) &# )) )), & <:I3 σ:I3 I B $ ! ; > D E :IB$3 ; ; D ; ; ! ; > ; ; ; ; 9062 <: I 3 = : I ; 3 − [ : I 3] ; $&5& :I3 B ;,D () # 8- 8& :I;3 : I 3; = ∑ $ ; : $ 3 = $ : I 3; = ! ; : I 3; = ; D ! > ; + ; + ;; + >; + D; + E; + ; = ; ; ; ; ; ; ; D ;D ! D E! > ;E; + + + + + = = ; ; ; ; ; ; ; <: I 3 = − [;,D] = ;,!> :()3 ; ; " - :#) (3 (?& &=H) )( #6 ( &) 2 σ $ = <: I 3 = ;,!> = D; , () # 8- ; D <?& )( 6 <8( * 5 .062 97 I (8( * & 5 (?& )) (8( . #2 +∞ ⌠ <: I 3 = : I 3 − [ : I 3] =  $ ; . : $ 3 $ − µ ; ⌡ ; ; :D3 −∞ )( #6 )8 #2 σ$ = :DA3 <: I 3 D H ) ) ) $&5& ; : # )# # &= # )-3, && (?& )( #6 +∞ ⌠ 3 <: I 3 =  $ ; . : $ 3 $ − µ ; = ⌡ −∞ D D D ⌠ >  $D  D ⌠ : I 3 =  $ ; $ $ = $ $ =   = $  D >; ⌡ ⌡   ! ; ! : I ; 3 = [ ] D ! = ! [;E − !] = >; <: I 3 = − [;,A] = − A,; = !,A ; 3 σ $ = !,A = !,>> ≅ E ) E P+fj 9 < a< 9 b 9 97 I d (8() *) ) )#0 ) 9 "H ) - d .06 I, 9 d # ) #) # d B T:I3 $#)2 cI, I;, I V c )6 .01) I & T:I3 B c$, $;, $ V c U 97 I d <8() *) )& ) & d B T:I3 ;A 62 :D3 : d 3 = :T: I 33 = %: $3 : $3 + %: $ ; 3 : $ ; 3 + + %: $ 3 : $ 3 : d 3 = ∑ %: $ 3 : $ 3 :D3 = ;U 97 I d (8() *) & 5) & d B T:I3 62 +∞ ⌠ [T: I 3] =  T: I 3 . : $ 3 $ ⌡ :E!3 −∞ $#)2 H 97 I <8( * $&5& : () #) ) # ; &# )3 .H) d B ;I, & ) &) # && I () H)2 3 &) :d34 3 :d ≤ D3 9062 ) 06 #) (8( d # ) &. - )%2 d B ;I ! ; D ! ; :$3 ; ; D ; ; ! ; > ; ; ; ; ; : d 3 = ! ; D ! > ; + ; + D + + + ! + ; = ; ; ; ; ; ; ; : d 3 = ! + ;D ! ;D ;! ; D + + + + + = = k E,; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; : d ≤ D3 = : d = !3 + : d = ;3 + : d = D3 = ; > = = = D;,Z ; D A ; H # : =)3 %) # && $&06 & # (8( * & .# #2 O −> , > .: 3 =  ! , ≤ P T+ ; Y TaP P+fg .: 3 .: 3 9H) - & k E!,!! # = = # ) &) ) - ) > =) k D!,!! # ) &) ) - > =) ), - &) &) X 9062 97 d B T: 3 .06 &) 2 E! , d = T: 3 =  D! , < > ≥ > ; 3 8& O2 ∞ ⌠ = O ⌡ ∞ −> =− ⌠ = ∴ O ⌡ −> ∞ =− O  = ;  ;  O O ! − ] = = ∴ O = ; [ ; ; 3 ) &) 2 ∞ > ⌠ : d 3 =  : E! 3 : ; ⌡ −> −; −> 3 = > ∞ > ⌠ = !!  ⌡ ⌠ 3 +  : D! 3 : ; ⌡ ⌠ + !  ⌡ −; = − !! [ ] > − > ∞ >        = − !!   − !   = − !!  −  − ! ! − >     >   : d 3 = − ∞  −  + !   =  −  >  = >  ! ;! !! + !! + = = k >,>> > > > > H 97 I <8( * )& & ) 06 # #2 I B $ H; H ! ; :IB$3 ! E E > ! E .H) d B I; & 2 3 ) 06 d4 3 :d B 3 >! 9062 <) #))5() d2 _ B C!, , DF 3 ) 06 d : d = !3 ⇔ : I = !3 : d = ! 3 = : I = ! 3 = E : d = 3 ⇔ : I = − 3 ∪ : I = 3 : d = 3 = : I = − 3 + : I = 3 : d = 3 = > + = E ! ; : d = D3 ⇔ : I = − ;3 ∪ : I = ;3 : d = D3 = : I = − ;3 + : I = ;3 : d = D 3 = > + = ! E ! )) H) )% ) 06 # # (8( d2 d B _ ! D :dB_3 E ; > ! T" H)2 : d = _ 3 = ∑ $ 2 d = T: I 3 : I = $ 3 :E3 > 9 N@ < l ^ 9 &) , 62 :3 B :E;3 <:3 B ! :E>3 ;^ 9 &) I <8( *, 62 :I3 B :I3 :ED3 <:$3 B ;<:I3 :EE3 ) 062 { } = {[I − : I 3] } = { [I − : I 3] } = <:I 3 = [I − :I 3] ; ; ; ; = ; [I − : I 3] = ; <: I 3 ; >^ 9 I <8( * )6 &) ), 62 :I ± 3 B :I3 ± :E3 <:I ± 3 B ; <:I3 :EA3 D^ 9 I, I;, IO )6 O (8() *), 62 :I ± I; ± ± IO3 B :I3 ± :I;3 ± ± :IO3 :E3 <:I ± I; ± ± IO3 B <:I3 V <:I;3 V V <:IO3 :E3 $#)2 H 97 I (8( * $ H)2 3 :I34 3 :I;34 &3 <:I3 I B $ ! ; :I B $3 D ; D >; )#) 2 :I3 B :I;3 B >S; <:I3 B S; ; H 97 I (8( $&5& .H) d B ;I H)2 3 :d34 3 :d;34 &3 <:d3 9062 .06 # (8( d # ) &. - )%2 d B _ ! ; D :d B _3 D ; D + " ) .01) ) # (?& H)2 3 :d3 B ; 3 :d;3 B &3 <:d3 B ; > H P"H) > )#) & #) & ( %) 2 B !,D ; B !,> > B !, &= )#0 8 & & ) 9062 & ) # )# <8( * I - # )) ) ()2 :& 3 & # B !,D ! :3, & # - B H # B !, >> )) H)2 :I3 B !,D V ! !, B !,D ) H)2 :I;3 B !,> :I>3 B !, 97 W & ), 62 W B I V I; V I> :W3 B :I3 V :I;3 V :I>3 B ,> & ) D H &= )#0 8 & (?& ) # ) - # ), 0 ) )2 9062 972 I B # ) # I; B # ) )% ) () #))5() I ) #) )#& (), ) 6 #) ) - $ I B $ ; > D E :I B $3 : I3 = A + ; + + = ; ) () #))5() I; )6 ' &) I, H)2 : I ; 3 = A ; >D .H)2 W = I + I ; ∴ : W3 = : I3 + : I ; 3 = : I3; = ; A A D + = =A ; ; ; ; A  + ;; + + ; = E,A 4 <: I3 = E,A −   = ;,; ; <: W3 = <: I3 + <: I ; 3 = E,D σ: W3 = E,D = ;,D; E H ) # ) 5&), # && #& ) 8- 8 & #& ) 8 % # #) ;!! %) # , #, % #&)6 8-, #) ) ) )) & )( #6 > %) 9H) - % #) &) ;E %), - )( #6 #) #& X 9062 97 I #) I (8( * &2 :I3 B ;!!% 4 σ:I3 B >% 4 <:I3 B %; #) #& # ) . &2 W = I + ;E 2 : W3 = : I + ;E3 = : I 3 + ;E = ;!! + ;E = ;;E% <: W3 = <: I + ;E3 = <: I 3 = %; ⇒ σ : W3 = >% H # , ) #) % (8( * & ;E% )( #6 %, - )8 )( #6 #) X >E 9062 #) :I3 #) % :d3 )6 ) <8() *) # ), 6 #) . (8( W &2 W=I+d : I 3 = ;!!% 4 σ : I 3 = >% 4 <: I 3 = %; : d 3 = ;E% 4 σ : d 3 = % 4 <: d 3 = %; ))2 : W3 = ;!! + ;E = ;;E% <: W3 = + = ! %; ∴ σ : W3 = ! ≅ >,E% A H + #&)) .&06 #" #0) & #) ;!% )( #6 !,E% ) ) #0) )6 &&) #& ) " & ) %) #) >!% & )( #6 ,;% G )( #6 #) #& X 9062 I = #) #0 , B , ;, , ; 97  d = #) % W = I + I ; + + I; + d = ; ∑I = +d (W )= (I + I ; + I; + d )= (I ) + (I ; )+ + (I; )+ (d )= (W )=;;! + >! = ;A!% < (W )= < (I + I ; + I; + d ) = < (I ) + < (I ; ) + + < (I; )+ < (d )= < (W )=;!, ;E + , DD = D, DD% ; σ (W )= D, DD ≅ ;,% H + %"06 && (.& - & 8 :3 # ( # I # )% $#))62 B , < H !, H D,E > 9H) - #0 ( 8 :<3 ) 06 k E!,!! )( #6 k ;,!!, - &) 8 :3 ) 06 k DE,!! )( #6 k ,E!, - )( #6 & 8X 9062 < = 0 <  = ) + 8 : <3 = E! 4 σ: <3 = ;, !! 4 <: <3 = D, !! 97 ) (8()  , 4 <:3 = ;,;E :3 = DE 4 σ:3 = E! , < − !, − D,E3 = , : <3 − !, :3 − D,E = : 3 = : , E! − !, DE − D,E = EE − D!,E − D, E = k!, !! : 3 = , < − !, − D,E3 <: 3 = <: , ; <: <3 + !, ; <:3 = , ; D + !, ; ;,;E <: 3 = + , ;E <: 3 = D,D + ;;E , σ : 3 = , ;E = ;,E H )% 8H) ) ) 01) #) ) (8() *) # ) I d .H)2 W = − ;I 4 + = − I 4 = I − ;d ; H)2 && (?& W, + I B $ H ! d B _ ! ; :IB$3 ; > :dB_3 D ; D 9062 (?& ) (8() I d ) 6 #) ) )%2 >A : I 3 = ! : d 3 = : I ; 3 = > : d ; 3 = > ; <: I 3 = > <: d 3 = ; )) H)2 : W3 = : − ;I 3 : W3 = − ; : I 3 = − ! = <: W3 = < :− ;I 3 <: W 3 = D < : I 3 = D >  − I  :+3 =    ;  :+3 = : I3 = − ; ; ; <:+3 = < : I3 = D ; : 3 = : I − ;d 3 : 3 = : I 3 − ; : d 3 = ! − ; = − ; <: 3 = < : I 3 + D < : d 3 = A + D = > ; > A 9 + fj 9 b 9 9 9 9 A ) 06 )H) $# * ) )% ) &01)2 3 #() # )4 3 & #( #) ) ) )2 )&)) :3, .&)) :!34 &3 # )&)) & #( &) , )7, : ;S 3 B : ;3 B #, ) - B Y #4 > ))& (8( * )& I % )&))) ))) #(), 6 # ( & $ $ (") (), # .06 #2     m : I = $ 3 =   # $ - − $ = # $ - − $ $ − $ m : $ 3m     :!3 ) 06 (8( * I #) )&))), 6 )) #))5() () )62 I B !, , ;, , A ? ) ) 06 N2 :I3B n B # :3 <?&2 <:I3 B σ; B #- :;3 $#)2 H & ; (") )( &) H)2 3 - # ) &X 3 - # ) ) &)X &3 - # ) ) &)X 9062 # ) & # B !,E, # 2  ; 3 : I = 3 =   : !,E3 : !,E3 ;− = !,E    ; 3 : I = ;3 =   : !,E3; : !,E3; − ; = !,;E  ;  ; & 3 : I = !3 =   : !,E3 ! : !,E3 ;− ! = !,;E  ! > ; H 9H) - DZ ) #0) #") # & 8- )6 . )) ! #0), && # 2 3 $ ) ) . ))4 3 ) ; ) . ))4 &3 - )( #6 #0) . ))X 9062 # #0 -- ) . ) # B !,!D, # 2 ! 3 : I = ;3 =   : !,!D3; : !,3! − ; = !,!ED = E,Z  ; 3 : I < ;3 = : I = !3 + : I = 3 !  ! − ! ! : I < ;3 =   : !,!D3! : !,3 +   : !,!D3 : !,3! − =  !   :I e ;3B !,D> V !,;AA! B !,D B D,Z &3 N2 µ B # B ! !,!D B !,D )( #62 σ = A; #- = ! !, !D !, = !, ; ) 06 \#% & .062 97 &7 ), ) -) && 5) & : ≤ 3 9 $ 5) &) ) ) #)06, (8( * )& I, % ) $ 5) - #)) . && 5) &, ) 06 =#% & #2    −      $   − I  : I = $ 3 = , I = !, , ;, ,      :>3 D! A; ? ) ) 06 =#% & N2 : I 3 = <?&2 <: I 3 = :D3 : − 3 : − 3 : − 3 ; :E3 $#)2 H ) & ! ), > =) ") 9 ) ) )6 ) ) , - # 2 3 ) =) ")4 3 = =) ")4 &3 # ) =) ") 9062 3 97 ) ( )2 B K) =) ")L  >   A  ; ! = ( ) =   !  E ; 3 B K= =) ")L  >   A  !  ; A = ( ) =   !  E ; D &3 B K# ) =) ")L :3 = − : 3 = − A = E E ; H + . ! %) ), D & . ) ) ; & . ) %() 9 ) %) )6 )&=) : #*) , ) #)063, & # -2 3 ) )7 #. )4 3 ) = . ) %()4 &3 # ) )7 #. 4 3 8$ )7 #. 4 3 $ )7 #. 4 .3 A> = ) = . ) %() ) 06 )) <) - ) 06 .06 # #2   : I = $ 3 =   # $- − $ , I = !, , ;,,  $ :3 P" → ∞, &) # α B #, - . I, .06 # ) 06 # ) )& &2 : I = $ 3 = − α α $ , $ = !, , ;, α > ! $m :A3 - . .06 # ) 06 )) .") → ∞, 6 # → ! , #) && - ) 06 )) #&8( ) ) ( ) #-) #) &'& ) )) ) 06 # ) 06 )), ) - )7 % # )7 #- #8 &, )) #$06 % ) # ≥ E! # ≤ E, & :I3 B α B # D; ) 06 )) " . ) ) 01) .5)&) @ ) # )&(, ( # ( ) ) &2 &=% &) &" 4 &=) .`&) & 4 ))6 # 5&) )) ?& (, & A> ? ) ) 06 )) N2 : I 3 = α :3 <?&2 <: I 3 = α :3 )( 62 σ: I 3 = α :A!3 $#)2 H ()6 #%8.& ( &=H) ,E ) # #8% ) !! #8%) (, ) - ) 6 #&) ) .&) # 6 #) ) 9062 # 6 ) #8% 2 : I = ! 3 = −, E E , ! = −, E = !,;;>= ;;,>Z !m ) !! #8%) () )# -2 !! !,;;> ≅ A #8%) 6 #) ) ; H &=) .`&) - &=% & )% ) 06 )) & # 3 G # = &= &=% & X 3 ) ) &=) &=%X D> 9062 : I = $ 3 = − $ , $ = !,, ;, $m 3 : I = !3 = − ! = !,!!;E ≅ !,;EZ !m 3 : I ≥ ;3 = − {: I = !3 + : I = 3} = : I ≥ ;3 = − {!,!!;E + !,!D} = !,; = ,;Z > H &% 8.% . ( #7 )) #( 06 ) (5&) &=% # #( , * % # + %= ." ) )(01) $ () ) ) ) 6 #) ) H 9 + fg P GQR MN < o+9 N + U < o+9S P GQR N + :MN 9 <fj 93 ! >; ; ; > ;! D > E A ! A ≥ ! ;! P 2 ) )-) 9 - $ E (5&) # 5( &5 & &% 8.% - &, # )) 5( ) % #)) DD 9062 ) ) ) -2 ∑ I. I= = ! + >; + + ! = ;! I = ;,! = α 2 ( I = $ ) = −;, ! ;,! I $m ( I ≥ E) = − ( I ≤ D) = − !,>D!> = !, !! = ,!;Z D H =1) &=% #*) "6 ;, &=1)S= # &=% ') ) &=1)2 3 #5 >! )4 3 #5 =4 &3 #5 ; =) 9062 3 #5 >! ), α = ;, , = D ; (I ≥ >) = − [ ( $ = ! ) + ( $ = ) + ( $ = ; ) ]  −, D , D ! −, D , D −, D , D ;  + + (I ≥ > ) =−   = !,E = , EZ !m m ;m   3 #5 =, α B ;, :I ≥ >3 B !,E>!E B E>,!EZ &3 #5 ; =), α B ;, $ ; B E, :I ≥ >3 B !,A B ,AZ DE G+ H N < 9 9 + fj 9 N , 99 \ T N@ 9 + fg N 99 \ T N@ 9 ) ) ))5() ) ! ) ! ∞ ) ! )(01) % )&))) % )&))) % )&))) .&))) .&))) ? ) # α , , ( ) # ) # ) # ) ) ) # ) α & 9 + fj 9 b 9 o+9 ) 06 +. % .062 + (8( * & 5 I . ) 5 ( [, ], ) ) .# . #2   − , ) ≤ $ ≤  . ($ ) =  !, # -)- ) ()   %8.& )) ) 06 ) 8 #) .% > P T+ > H 9 + fg + PN .:$3 − ! I :A3 = " # " = % & σ = + ! − !$ − ! % '( #) % * & +& ) ) , # - '( #) - .( ( α − α' ' > /  '  / ' ≤ /  !0 1 ( # -(# 2 +# '( #) ( 2 345*678%49:64;*4<=11>>?47@ ' α / ! '( #) α = µ = " # " = σ = % & σ = ! !! α α ! ' () 1 ( & A ) ( ) # # ( # #(A& +& )) , . (( B − /. //  ' =  /  ' '≥/ ' // =  /. // − /. // ⌡// > // = /. $/= $/.F # = = = 0// A α /. // − /. // ' ' ] ∞ / [ = ∴B = /.// ' = − − /. // ' ] ∞ // = $ % > ) % *& +& )) , # - ) - . ( ) ( ' = σ π −  ' −µ    σ  .−∞<' < +∞ ! GH C σ H &( C σ I/ D J ( ## K & +& ) ) , 2 )#G & # σ . 'L>GCσ / 1 ( # 2 +# ) 7 # & ( & # & )# & 5. ( ( # 2 0 345*670M%49:64;*4<=1>167@ 7 ) # - ( ) ( . K ( # ( ' N KOP# & Q -#C & ( ( ' N # ). 2 C # N # ( ( N 2 - ) .K 2 ( # 2 $ ( ) R 7 ) # )G.( G8SHGTB.# 2 345*678%49:64;*4<=1>167@ R 7 ' &) +' ( ' H G. . G C $R 7'() , # '#. J )'H/ )'H/ '→8∞'→T∞ R 7' ( ) '( 'HG±σC 0R 7 #) &( 3' = σ ' − ⌠  π ⌡−∞  ' − µ    σ  ' 0/ R 7 )( # # $H/ # # # H$ $ % )( U 7 3'. ( ( #)# () .U 8 U= U = '−µ σ $ ' ' = σ U σ 5 U = σ U ⌠ −  π ⌡−∞ U σ' 5 U = ⌠U −  π ⌡−∞ U U 0 K #) ( & +& ) ) ( UU 7 )U # & ) GH/ & # σ H . VL>/C .(& +& ) )( U +( 2 U = π − U .−∞K '. &) )( . /UU# +)#)U# ( )5 # ( ) # ( W+ A#A 2 ! 345*67!8X67316>?4%7@7:7;@7%7?*6"7>167@ $ ) ( ( &)& ) 8* ( # # ( U ( # #( 0// & ( / D) ( # 2 ( K / 0/ . F / 0 / 0.F # !/ 0$/ .!F # 0/ 0.!F ' 0 .F 0/.//F # 0// 0 8% + # & )( U( /≤U≤. $.F 8/.≤U≤/ 0.F # 8/.≤U≤ . .$F /.≤U≤. . F U≥8. .!F U≥/. /./F 2 U≤8/.!.$F /≤UY. !.F A $ 8 9 8 K & +& ) ) , ) #µH/ σH$.#)#) 2 ( ) 'I!.F ≤'≤$ !./F # 'H/.//F '≤/ 0/.//F ≤'≤/ .F . /F 2 ≤'≤ .$F A Y'≤$ !≤'≤ . /F 81 # ) # ) -# µH/.() 2 &( σ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υ . υ & +& ) , ( . ) -. # U & # & +& ) ) , K8K χ .( χ = V + V + V υ = υ ∑V = (( χ =  υ      υ Γ    χ υ   −   χ −       .χ ≥/ K8K χ = µ = υ / " # " χ = σ = υ % & σχ = υ > , ) . 8 2 # ( . ( Γ .( ) 2 )( ,( ∞ Γ = ∫' − − ' ' . > / $ / % 8 K Γ = − Γ − H. ( &. Γ = − \ 0 00 D J ( ## K & +& ) ) , 2 K8K # υ 2 ) . χ L χ υ 1K $ '( &) ) χ . K χ > χ α. υ = α ! ) K $ ' . & K + α # )A #) 2 ) υ #) K 7.&) #/2 ) . + ( ) /./0( χ /. /0. / = . $ ( &) )U # ( ) .# 2 χ > χ /. /0. / = χ > . $ = /. /0 *( ( #A ##( ( & χ . # # ] S & +& ) , ( χ . χ . . χ S . χ # υ. υ .. υS 2 ) . ( # & . χ # υ + υ + + υS 2 ) ^ 0 % 9 9 V L > (/. ) _ L χ (υ) . V _ & +& ) , ( . & +& )) , ( = V _ υ 0 ((  υ +  Γ    =  υ πυ Γ        +  υ    υ +  −    . −∞ < < +∞ ( υ 2 ) 0 9 = µ = / " # " = σ % & σ = = // υ υ− . υ > υ υ− / / 7 9 # ) H /. K . ( υ → ∞ ) ( ) # U & # )( U D J ( ## K & +& ) ) , 2 9 # υ 2 ) . /$ L υ 1K '( &) ) . K ( > α. υ )= α / ) K ' . & K + α # )A #) 2 ) υ #) K 7.&) #/2 ) . + 0! ( ) /./0 ( /. /0. / = .$ ( &) )U # ( ) .# 2 / > /. /0. / = / > .$ = /. /0 *& UK # )U . K − α = − α . J. /. 0. / = − /. /0. / = − .$ % 3 9 # 9 J& +& ) , ( χ χ . U (  χυ   υ     υ χ υ  = 3=  χ υ  υ χ υ   υ    /0 (( υ  υ   −    υ + υ   υ   3  Γ     υ  3 =   υ   υ   υ  Γ   Γ     3 +       υ    υ + υ      ./<3<∞ / 2 3# υ 2 ) υ 2 ) `2 ) &# 3υ. υ 3 9 # υ 3 = " # "3 = σ = υ − . υ > /! υ (υ + υ − υ (υ − ) (υ ) . υ > − ) / 0 % & σ = υ υ− / 7 3 9 # #( & ) W K8K C ( υ υ # ) ') ' )W D J ( ## K & +& ) ) , 2 3 9 # # υ 2 ) υ 2 ) . 3 L 3 υ . υ / 1K 0 '( &) ) υ υ . K ( 3 > α C υ. υ )= α ) K 0 ' . & K + α ( - ) # )A 2 ) υ υ # )A #) # . ( # & 7. &) # 0 2 ) / 2 ) . + ( ) /./0( 3/. /0 C 0. / = $. $$ ( &) )U # ( ) .# 2 3 > /. /0 C 0. / = 30. / > $. $$ = /. /0 0 917%"764X"497@7:a6479 9 L> µ C σ . J ( . bH7±7 ±±7L>µcC σ c ? µcH7µ±7 µ ±±7µ $ σ c H"cH 7 σ + 7 σ + + 7 σ ' () 7()#N ( # #( & U & +& ) , ( .# 2 N )AN L> /C.$ bL>C$. % 8 : # &) ()#N & U %P : D) ( ) K K)K ( - & U &) ()#N J ( 6[$/E # 9 J"H8b4 ( " " 9) : = + b : L > µ : C σ : : = + b = / + = $ σ : = " : = " + " b = . $ + $. = !. : L > $C !.  : − µ :  $/ − $ = V > − .$ : > $/ =  >  σ:  !. ) → /.$ + /.0 = /. $ = . $F V > − .$   / .$F & U ( 8 &) ()#N ( 6[$///////.// # " H 8 b H &) ()#N & U % " " L > µ " C σ & µ " = " = / − = σ " = " " = .$ + $. = !. " L > C !. / :167?>:67@%1@44: 9 J. .. KOP# & +& ) , ( # = µ . = . . . 0 " = σ . = . . . 3bHT TT #N 2 .b )# µ c = ∑ µ ! = σ c = ∑ σ = ? ( b L > µc C σc ) ≥$/ J+ ()# 2 () ( 'N & ) N ( & +& ` K ( 'N N ;) ( ) ) ' () 9 J . . . /. / & +& ) , # ( ) ( ' = ' . / < ' < C =. . . / 9 JbHT TT/ 8 1 b ?)#) bI 9) ) : ? @ b L > µ c C σ c [ ] ⌠ $ ⌠ =  ' = ⌠  ' ' ' =  ' ' = ' ⌡ ⌡ ⌡/ / / [ ] ⌠ $ = ⌠ '  ' ' ' =  ' ' = ⌡/ ⌡/ " = − [ ] = µ c = / / =  $ − ! −  = = =  ! ! / $0 = / " b = / = = ! ! $0   b L > /C    / = b > = U = − / $0 = − /.$ b > = V ≥ − /.$ = /. ! + /.0 = !. !F 6@7<=1>:67%49:64;*4<=1;4>14>7@%14991> > ). 2 ( ) ( # ( ,' U . & >( + #.# # & .≥0/ (≤0 # ) ( '( ) #αH(.   − ( ( ' )   ( ' K − ' = . = /. . .. '\  ' / → ∞ (→/ ' () 8 # U + 2 . ( ) # # /.// 9 8 K WA ( ( ' ///# # U .K)( ) K # # K ) ( - 9) * )U ) H///C(H/.// CKH/. /// ( = ') =   (/.//  '  )' (/.)/// − ' . = /. . . . /// $ ≥ = − [ = / + = ] = /// / /// ///  + = −   /.// /.  /. // /.  =    /   = − /.$0/ + /. !/! = /.0 ! = 0. $F ? #+)#) )A ( ( ' ( . J α = ( = /// /.// = ( = ' ) = ( ' ≥ ) − '\ ' . ' = /. . . = − [ ' = / + ' = ] =  − = −  / \ / + − \  =  = − (/.$0$ + /. !/!) = /. 0/$ = 0. /F 8 8 /./ ( ) & (,)# 2 ( K ( Z# ? . // ( ( Z#. K) ( ) K ' #( (,)# ( ) #( (,)# # +' #( (,)# 9) * )U 8 α = ///. /= ( =) = − = /. /!$$ = !. $$F \  − /  ( ≥) = −(' = / )=−   = − /. /$ = .!F  /\  # (≤ )= − / − − + + = /. $ = $.F /\ \ \ $8% ( ) A& ( //. ' - 2 ) A+( ' F ( 9) ) ) 8  // = =   /./ /. = /.!$ = .!$F   ) 8 α = ( = // /./ = = = − = /.0 = .0F \ 6@7<=1>:67%49:64;*4<=1;4>147@>167@ 9 2 ( K ( ,' U . ) ( ( ' ( )#H( "H(K ? ) # ) # - & #A# # 0 :) # # # K ( ) # &) 2 # ' ). K&) #)#) ( ) # &)  ' −   ' +      ). J   S + − µ'  −µ   '  ≤ S =  ≤ S +  =  ≤   σ'  σ'     S + − µ'  ≤ S =  U ≤ σ'          S + − (    ≤ S =  U ≤  (K      $ YS 8     S − −(  S − − (   −µ  '   = U <  <  σ'  (K  (K          ' () 9 8 K /F ( ( U ( +K ( ( K ?)#) ( ) K // ( # ( #)& / ( '#)& # . J≤'Y / 9) * )U ) 8  // ' = ' =   /./ /. /  '  // − ' . ' = /. . . . // ≤ ' < / = = + ' =  //  // ≤ ' < / =   /./ /. / +   /./ /. / =     ≤ ' < / = /./! + /./$= /./ = . /F ) ). )U:?@ 8 ( )= ( = // /.= / " ( ) = (K = // /. /. = σ (' ) = = . 0 ( ≤ ' < / )= (!. 0 ≤ ' ≤. 0 )= E V !. 0 = !. 0 − / ) − − /. 0   → /. . 0 V . 0 = . 0 − / ) = − /.   → /. /! . 0 (!. 0 ≤ ' ≤. 0 ) = (− /. 0 ≤ U ≤ − /. )= /. − /. /! (!. 0 ≤ ≤. 0 ) = /.! =!. F $ 6@7<=1>:67%49:64;*4<=1%14991>>167@ 8 K & +& ) V = −α α # ( & +& ) ) UC ) α→∞  −α ≤  ≤ α    =  π −V ∫ U 0 7 ( )Kα→∞ α≥$/( 'J+ ! * )& # /. ( (+2 ?)#) ( ) # !// ) //(+2 )& 9) 7 & 8 αH/. d(+2H d//(+2 σ = ∴ σ = = D #)#) !/ ≤ ' ≤ / ? # . K U # # # 7 .0 ≤ ' ≤ /.0 = V . 0 = .0 − = − . → /.$! V /. 0 = /.0 − = ./ → /.$00 ∴ .0 ≤ ' ≤ /.0 = !0. 0F 7e*9:7>:1%79%49:64;*4 ). #. & U J K) J 1( # ) A(, )U ( &) K J . N K8 K . +& #(- )$ ' () M%//) 0 &+)&) # . & #8 K Z &+)&) # K 2 >h >h) / !0 $ $ 0 / / 8 7J ) 9) 9 K ))(   = ' =   ( ' K − ' . = / . . . . 0  ' (( ) &+)&)K)K 7 , # µ H ( H 0(. Z &+)&) & +( ' = ∑ ' ( = / = !0 $ / / + + + $ + + 0 = /. $ // // // // // // 42) µ = ' . 0( = /. $∴( = /. / K = /. 7. )J +  0 = ' =   /./ ' /.0 − ' . = / . .  ' ! . . 0 * )U '( ! ( #)#) ( ) , ## ).# ) 2 :7;@7 836Dij>?4797e*9:7%79g%49:64;*4<=1;4>147@ >h %34:*1979 H ' 36Dij>?47 36Dij>?47 :a64?7 1;96"7%7 / /.!$$ ///.!$$H!$ !0 /. $ ///. $ H $ /./ ///./ H$ $ $ /.// ///.//H/ /.//// ///.////H/ / 0 /.//// ///.////H/ / 31>:%19%7%19;6*:199 ? ) D) 8 $//+K #( # Z . Z & 2 ' >h / >h+K / 0$ $ $ 8 7J ) 9) 7 ( = ' = − α α ' . = / . . . '\ ? µ #A #. ) + ( ) ).# 2 0 ' = ∑ ' ( = / = / 0$ $ + + + $ + = . $// $// $// $// $// 7. J + = ' = −. . ' . = / . . . '\ * )U '( ( #)#) ( ) , # # . ) ) $ 2 :7;@7$836Dij>?4797e*9:7%79g%49:64;*4<=1%14991> >h%%34:19 H 36Dij>?47 36Dij>?47 :a64?7 1;96"7%7 / /. $! $///. $!H0 /.$0! $///.$0!H/! /. $///. 0 / 0 H 0$ $ /./ $///./H $ /./ $///./ H 31>:%19%7%19;6*:199 ? ) D) !/ $89 J #+ ( ' # )' 8 J ) :7;@7 8%49:64;*4<=1 %79 4%7%9 %19 3*>?41>X6419%7697 36Dij>?47 1;96"7%7 4%7%9 0 $ $$ $0/ 0/0! 0! :1:7@ /$ / 0 / /0 / 0/ 31>:9 6 # k 9) 4#) & #)#) ' &( 9 % ) K = $. 9H/./ D U ) & 2 ) &) &7 . 0( K)K &) .0 0.0 9 K V = − = 9 ' = .0 → U = ' = .0 → U = ' = .0 → U = ' = $0.0 → U = ' = .0 → U = ' = .0 → U = ' = 0.0 → U = ' = $.0 → U = − $. /./ .0 − $. /./ . 0 − $. /./ .0 − $. /./ $0.0 − $. /./ .0 − $. /./ .0 − $. /./ 0.0 − $. /./ $.0 − $. /./ .K ) 2 &) V = − . 0 = − !0 . = − . / = − /.$! = /.$ = ./ = ! . = ./ ! ? ) ( # )0 2 :7;@7 0 8 36Dij>?479 7e*9:7%79 %7 %49:64;*4<=1 %79 4%7%9 %19 3*>?41>X6419 %76978%49:64;*4<=1>167@ 4%7%9 36Dij>?47 1;96"7%7 @44:9%79 ?@7999 .0 .0 8 /$ .0 .0 / .0$0.0 $0.0 .0 0 .0.0 / .00.0 /0 0.0$.0 8 / 8 "7@169% V76719 @44:9 .0 X67% ?7%7?@799 8 .0 .0 8.!0 .0 8./ $0.0 8/.$! .0 /.$ .0 ./ 0.0 .! $.0 ./ 36Dij>?47 :a64?7 8 /./$$/ / 8 /./0 /0 /. /. $ /. / /./$ / /./$0 8 / 8 31>:%19%7%19;6*:199 6 # k 81 ( 2 A d+K ( 0 + ?% # ' :7;@78 >l61 % k1679dXD*4>79 579:79 @19 *9*X6419 % * ?% %*67>: *797>7 k1679dXD*4>79 /0 $ 0 / ! / 0 0$/ $/$0 $0/ 0 /0 :1:7@ 0 31>:?% 8 #.& # &( C A 2 KOP#C # # # # C # J ) ! ! ! 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R " 2 3 ! !! ! ! " ! ! ! !!! ! & ! ! ! 1! S! ( ? ! ! ! ! ! !"! ! 8! !! D = 4 = 2 ! ! 1! 1! ! ! !2 ! ! 1! !! ! " 7!!! " !! ! !2 D ! 6 ? ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! " 7 21 4 ! !1 ! ! ! " F! ! ! ! ! ME !" 5 !L! ! ! D 6 ! ! !1 ! ! ! ! !! ! 1 7! ! 5 , !! =! ! !5 1"! !8! ! ! " F! 1 !"8! ! !! ! ! 1 1 ! , ! ! ! ! !! ! 1! =! ! ! ! !1 ! ! ! !1 ! 2 ! ! 1! =! ! !1 ! 2 ! ! ! 1! ! ! 2 ! ! ! 1! ! ! 2 ! ! #9 )%-/0&) ,T3./AAB*C%-BD , ! !! 6 8! !! MG " 2 " ? ! ! ! 3 !8 ! "? 8! 1 7 ! ! 8! !! ! ! !8! #9 B !!! - . & ! ! " ;F! 1! % " 4 8 % ! !! 3 3 !2 4 8! 1 8 ! & % 8! !1 ! " 3 ! ! 1 !8! #9 & % , : ! !!"! ? ! !2 ! ! !!! ? ! "!1 . 7 ! ## " !7 #### " ! " ? ! ! ! ! 7 4 6 ! ! ! ! ! !8! 4F M #99 . $ ) ! D8 , !8 !2 !8! ! 6 ! ! !! ! ! % " 8! " 2 !" ? ! 13 4F ! - ! 6 2 ! ?! #9< B ! : ! ! 3 !8! , ! ! 1 ! !! ! ! D 7 ! 8 ! ! ! ! ! 6 6 " 4 7 "5 8 . 3 ! !" ! !! ! #9E @ 5 F !"! ! 8! 7 ?!3 S! " !7 1 ! H ! !1 ! " ! "4 !! = ! ! !! 7 ! !5 S! "!7 ! 1 !! ! ! MM 4 "!7 & 4 ! ! " 4 6 !"! & =! " 4 ! ! ! ! !! ! ? ! !7 ! "!1 !" F! #< 'B%-/BA(BUV&% )%-/B% D! 3 8 ! 4 ! 4 , H ! . 3 2 8! ! ! ! ' 3 ! !! 2 ! ! !! % 7 2 8! " ! ! !! ! W! !! ! W . ! !! 3 ! ! & ;F! 3 " ! ! ! !! ! #< '! !! )! ! 3 8 ! 4 ! !"!! H ! % ! ! ! !! ! " ! µ 7 σ 7 " X σ ! ! ! !! ! & H Y = µ 7 = µ H# MK !L! ! !! ! + H Y = σ 7 = σ H# % 4 , ! 4 ≤ , ! ! !! ! H#9 & H Y = µ 7 = µ !L! ! !! ! 1 !8 + H Y = σ 7 = σ  ,−     ,−  H#< 3 H#< 2 H# , → ∞ #< + !1 , . !2 ! 6 '! !! )! % 7 ! !! !! 3 ! 3 ! X !L! σ ! !! ! ! Y ! !! ! & H Y = µ + H Y = σ ! !1 !2 ! Y 1 2 = Y −µ σ H#E !1 !2 2 H#E ! !! !! ! # !L! K# #< D ' ! . . ' 4 ! +! #< !1 !2 Z H#E ! !! 7 ! !! !! ≥ 9# & #< ! 4 ! % ? ! Y Y Y ! 4 ! 8! = Y −µ % H#G ! !! % ν [ 3 ! #<9 - $!4 % Y !1 ? ! ! !! ! µ !L! σ & ∑ (Y ! = ! −Y ) = σ χ − H# ' '!!! 7 H# R 3 ∑ (Y ! = ! −Y − ) σ χ − χ − % σ = χ − → = →% = − − − σ H#M K )!! ! H#G σ 3 = Y −µ σ Y −µ σ Z σ =Z →= →= = σ % % σ % % σ Z χ − H#K − ! !! % ! ! [ # ν → ∞ ! !! ! # !L! H! !! !2 &7 3 % " ! = \ < G M #] . 3 ! ! 8 ! 4 H ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! "? # # #9 #< " ! 1"! ! !! ! 1"! ! !! % ^ D ! = ! 8 ! 7 8 ! , , 4 4 K ' , [ E [ , [ E [ E µ = + < + G + M + # = G# E E σ = ∑ H 7 ! − µ ! = , = H − G + H < − G + + H# − G = σ = M9 E ! H H< HG HM H# H< H<< H<G H<M H<# HG HG< HGG HGM HG# HM HM< HMG HMM HM# H# H#< H#G H#M H## ! ! 9 < E G 9 < E G < E G M E G M K G M K # ! ! !! ! µ7 = + 9 + < + + # E# = = G# E E ! " µ 7 [ µ F3 ! ! !! ! ! ! G# ! K9 ! ! !!! E 7 ! !2 "! σ7 = H−G +H9−G ++H#−G = # E ! " 5 ! σ7 = σ σ7 = M9 = # ^ % ! - H H X [ G# σ [ M9  E   J1   [ # 4 ! ! H< HG HM H# H<# H<G H<M HGM HG# HM# ! ! 9 < E G E G M K ! ! !! ! µ7 = 9 + < + E + + K G# = = G# # # ! " µ 7 = µ K< ' ! ! !! ! σY = H 9 − G + H < − G + + H K + G = 9 # ! ! " σ 7 = σ ,− , − 5 ! σ7 = M9 E− =9 E− 3 ( 4 E## ! # ! < &7 !3 9# #E 9 <E # ' ! ! "! KE` ! !L! ! % . Y = G = E % = < % = EE υ = − = < α = # #E ' 9 H 7 3 χ α = < χ α − = = = # ! ! ! ! ! µ 3 ( ! 4 [ # ! E ### 5 " ! Y = M# ! % [ M# @ 4 "!! ! ! KE` "! <`_ . , [ E### % [ M# # [ ##< M# [ K # H 3 α [ KE` ' < H 7 → α K [ ± #K %!! H# 3 # = #K M # E### 9< << = = GG 5 <9 M9K K HE### − + #K M # D # > ! ! ! ! ! µ E )%-/0&) '% ././UV&% D) /&.%BUT !1 !2 ! 1 2 = a − a − ∴ 2 σ a = σ a H a − 3 " 2 = H = 2 α σ a , ! σ a = D 4 3 ! 4 ! a %!! σ a H ! 3 a a 2 α # = # H9 2 α [ 6 1 ! !! !2 ! 8 "! H 3 α a [ a =− a [ " # [ !8 H ! % # < ! 1 1 ! "!! ! L θ G )%-/0&) '% ././UV&% %&) /&.%BUT , ! σ a = ,− D 4 , − 3 ! 4 ! a %!! σ a H ! 3 a a , 2 α # = H< a a # (, −)+ 2 α 2 α [ 6 1 ! !! !2 ! 8 "! a [ a =− a [ " , [ 4 # [ !8 H ! % # < ! 1 1 ! "!! ! L θ &7 3 ( ! 4 [ E ! a = !"!! " < = #G @ 4 E "!! ! ! KE` "! E`_ % . a [ #M< a = #G # [ ##E H 3 α [ KE` ' H 7 → 2 2 [ ± KG %!! H9 3 # = KG #G #M< = # 5 # #E D # > ! ! ! ! ! 3 ( ! 4 [ # ! a = 9 ### 5 " ! E = # E @ # 4 "!! ! ! KE` "! <`_ . , [ 9### a [ #E a = #E # [ ##< H 3 α [ KE` ' H 7 → 2 2 [ ± KG %!! H< 3 # = KG # E #E 9### = 9K 5 # #< (9### −)+ KG # E #E D # > ! ! ! ! ! ! " " " # ! " $ % &! '' ()*+,+,+,#-,).#, ,& / $ & 0 &! 1 0 2(13" 0 4 1 0 ! 2('13 " 0 0 5 6 0 7 ! 0 ( &8 0 !(' , "9 &7 $ # 0 !% & 3 ( 1 (' ( µ = µ (  µ = µ µ = µ 1  1   (' µ > µ ('  µ < µ µ ≠ µ 2''1 # & 21!! 21 2 1 !! ! : "#%&7& !4! ' ;+<)=+,>+#.+)#?@6+;+A+)?@6 1 ;%& # & 2;#13 " %& 0 (5 1 ;%& ;7& 2;;13 " %& 7 0 ( 8%& &B " %& 2;.1 ' +;;6>6)6) B 7 0 ! ': +;;6>6)6)) B 0 'C D-E+F>+,)+6N#>#,>+>+.),=+, OP#>;6'';),.6,)D+;+D+,#6N#>#>+>+.),@6 >+.),@6 ;+#F)>#>+ (LE (L # (L > &. 2'α1 + ))2β1 ;7 (L + )2α1 > &. 2'β1 OP#>;6'>+.),@6>+PN;6+,,6; ;+#F)>#>+ >+.),@6 # (L # !# ;7 (L ; !# (LE (L + D&+ > &. 2'α1 + ))2β1 + )2α1 > &. 2'β1 OP#>;6'Q>+.),@6>+PNNB>).6 ;+#F)>#>+ >+.),@6 # (L 6 ;7 (L D&6 'R (LE (L 6 D& 6 > &. 2'α1 + ))2β1 + )2α1 > &. 2'β1 +,OP+N#<+;#F>+PN+,+>+()*+,+ D & 0 ! % 3 M 'S + 0 ( S + 0 !(' S !% $ α :S > %&7& 0 ( CS + ! MS ;7 ( ! ;;;# 'T +,+>+()*+,+#;##NB>)#6PF#.)6D#F9 'S ( 3 µ=µ S µ ≠ µ  ('3 µ > µ µ < µ  S !% $ α :S> %&7&3 'S.3>! & S.3>! & R CS. 3 /= −µ σ 2':1 'S = −µ , 2'C1 S MS. 3 1 / > / α > α 7 (5 1 / > / α > α 7 (5 1 / < − / α < − α 7 ( + 3 'P 4 % ! " CL ,! & ": , M & ! " :T " &" CL !% $ CUV ,&3 'S(39HCL S('39≠CL SαHLLC T :S> &%&7& > & / / α H±'WM CS.4 /3 /= :T − CL = − R : M MS . &3 / < − / α H'WM 7 ( 7 " "" CL !WCU ! & M !" ! " :T ! & C: " &" CL !% $ CUV ,&3 'S ( 3 µ = CL S (' 3 µ < CL S α = L LC W :S> &%&7& > & 5 νH'HC αH'MT CS.4 + 3 = :T − CL = − LL C : M MS. &3 X αH'MT7 (7 " ! & . "! " CL 'W +,+>+()*+,+#;##;66;?@66PF#.)6D#F 'S(3 H  ≠  S('3  >  <  S !% $ α L :S> %&7& CS. /3 /= − 2'M1 MS. 3 1 / > / α 7 (5 1 / > / α 7 (5 1 / < − / α 7 ( + 3 P % WLU Y ! % + LL ! % " ! 'ML %& " % & ! % $ LL' ,&3 'S(3 HLWL S('3 XLWL SαHLL' ' :S> &%&7&3 > &/ αHLL' /αH CS.4 + /3 = Z= 'ML = LT LL LT − L W L WL' LL = − :R' MS. / X /α H 7 ( 7 %& & " % ! % $ LL' ''L +,+ >+ ()*+,+ #;# # >)+;+D?# +D;+ >P#, NB>)#, 6PF#.)6D#), µ + µ 'S ( 3 µ' − µ = L S ('3 µ' − µ > L µ' − µ ≠ L  µ' − µ < L S !% $ α :S> %&7&3 ''L'# ! σ' σ & ''L# ! σ' σ & % ''L# ! σ' σ & ''L:# 2 1 CS. 3 # ! σ' σ & 3 /= [' − [ 2'R1 σ' σ + ' # ! σ' σ & %3 = [' − [ , ' '  +  ' 2'T1    & , υ = ' + − % # ! σ' σ & 3 = [' − [ 2'W1  ,' ,     +    ' & , φ % φ 2% " # \ 13 φ= !' = (!' + ! ) !' ! + ' + ' + ' ,' , ! = ' − 2''L1 2'''1 : # 2 1 = , & , υ = − ' % # ! , & 3 = ∑ =' 2''1 ∑ ( , = =' − ) 2''1 −' 2'':1 = [' − [ " ! MS. 3 1 / > / α > α 7 (5 1 / > / α > α 7 (5 1 / < − / α < − α 7 ( C ''' +,+ >+ ()*+,+ #;# # >)+;+D?# +D;+ >P#, ;66;?=+, 6PF#.)6D#), ' + 'S ( 3 ' − = L S ('3  ' − > L  ' − ≠ L   ' − < L S !% $ α :S> %&7&3 CS. 3 /= ]' − ] ' '  ] (' − ] )   +  '  2''C1 ] " 33 # ! ]= ] ' + ] ' ' + ]' = 2''M1 ' ] = & ! ' ' MS. 3 1 / > / α > α 7 (5 1 />/ α > α 7 (5 1 /<− / α <− α 7 ( M '' +,+>+()*+,+#;##E#;)GD.)#6PF#.)6D#F σ 'S(3 σ = σ L σ ≠ σ  S('3 σ > σ  σ < σ S !% $ α :S> %&7& CS. χ 3 χ = ( − ') , 2''R1 σ L # χ 21 2''R1 & υ = − ' % MS. 3 1 χ < χ α '− χ > χ α 7 (5 1 χ > χ α 7 (5 1 χ < χ' − α 7 ( D χ ! χ '− α χ' − α ! /3 χ '− α = ' ' χ' − α = χα χα 2''T1 R '' +,+ >+ ()*+,+ #;# # )#>+ >+ >P#, E#;)GD.)#, 6PF#.)6D#), σ' + σ 'S(3 σ' = σ σ ≠ σ  S('3 σ > σ  σ < σ S !% $ α :S> %&7& CS. 3 = ,' 2''W1 , # 2''W1 & , υ' = ' − ' % υ = − ' % MS. 3 1 < '− α > α 7 (5 1 > α 7 (5 1 < ' − α 7 ( D ! '− α ' − α ! /3 α '− = ' ' ' − α = α α 2'L1 T '': +,+ >+ ()*+,+ >+ ^#;F+ #;# # )#>+ >+ _ 2_ ` 1 E#;)GD.)#,6PF#.)6D#), σ' σ σ a 'S(3 σ' = σ = = σ a S('3 !$ " S !% $ α :S> %&7& CS. χ 3 χ   LM  = ( − _ ) % .   _ ∑υ =' , −_   _  − υ % ,  ='   ∑ 2''1 3 = _ ∑ 5 υ =' . ='+ = − ' ' (_ − ')  _ ' '   −  = ' υ − _   ∑ 2'1 2'1 # χ 21 2''1 & υ = _ − ' % MS. &3 , χ > χ α 7 (L ''C +,+>6OP)OP#>;#>6#;#;6E#>+#>+;bD.)# 6 0 !! & & 7 0 !! $ & P 0 " W 3 & & & & 7 0 & 4 0 & 0 &% 0 2 1 6 0 ! & 7 & " + ! & % Y _ ! ,7 6 Y ! " ! # & / 0 Y " ! + # " 3 χ = _ ∑ = ' (6 − + ) + 2':1 # χ 21 2':1 & υ = _ − − ' % c $ & / 0 P ! & 8 % Y D& 4 $ % !! Y !:C& / #% % Y & ' C, Y 4 Y ! 7 # Y ! & " _ / 6 ! & :L D d e & " :L c %"%' 3 χ = _ ∑ ( = ' 6 − + − L C ) + 2'C1 ; 3 'S(3 7 0 S('3 &7 0 S !% $ α :S> %&7& CS. χ 2':1 2'C1 " :Lc %"%' MS. &3 , χ > χ α 7 (L + 3 7 / &W': / α HLLC # % Y ! 4 [ P !/ Y c & C Y :' #^+F#'' ;+OfbD.)#, #AP,#>#, ># >),;)^P)?@6 >#, )>#>+, >6, PD.)6Dg;)6, ># +N;+,# [ >),;)^P)?@6D6;N#F )>#>+, ;+OfbD.)# ;+OfbD.)# 6^,+;E#># 261 +*;).# 2+1 ':ChTC LR LR TChCC '' '' CCh:C 'C ' :Ch:WC 'L '' :WChCMC LR LT 6D+>6,>#>6,^;P6,3, ; ( P !/ ` :L / 2':1 3 χ = _ ∑ = ' (6 − + ) HLC + # &%&7&4 3 υ = _ − ' − HCQ'QH H !/ 4 $ 3 " µ ! & σ > α HLLC υ H χ L LC HCWW . &3. χ < χ α (L 7 7 0 & ''M +,+>6OP)OP#>;#>6#;##,,6.)#?@66P)D>++D>bD.)# 6 χ &2 Y 1" / & !4! %0 /& ! & % !4! ! & %/ %Y . F % !4! 4 ' : #^+F#'#^+F#>+.6D)D %&7& CS. χ 2':1 2'C1 " :L c %"%' MS. &3 , χ > χ α 7 ( + 3 ! % $ CU % % " & # % !! #^+F#'#^+F#>+.6D)D#, D6#D6+,+ >+,+N+D(6D6+N;+<6 ;/4! ^ ^ MR M: C 'CM N" : RM CM 'R: # 'L R RL ''W 'M ''T :LL :: ,&3 ; 3 'S(3 % & & S('3 % & && SαHLLC :S> %&7& ;7 0 χ ≥ χ L LC : = W :TT CS. χ 2':13 # &2'M1 !Y ': #^+F#':#^+F#>+.6D)D#, >+,+N+D(6D6+N;+<6 D6#D6+,+ ;/4! ^ ^ :M: MM :ML 'CM N" C'T RLW C' 'R: # LT TC LR RL ''W 'M ''T :LL , ! Y ! 0 2':1 3 χ = (MR − :M : ) :M : + (M: − M M ) M M + + (R − LR) LR = :LTW MS. &3 . χ = :LTW > χ L LC : = W :TT 7 (L 4 & & % ! " # $ %& ! " ' ! ( $ ) %& $ %& * + (" ,", -./0)1213405-6078640'940#216/))0:06;<# ( & ( " 2 ( = ! > = µ + α + ξ > µ ? @ α ? @ ξ ? " $,",% A ,",", B * 8 1 ,% ( ! > σ = σ = σ = = σ = σ @ % 6 ( ( @ C% 6 & ( $ %@ % ( ) ξ E - D& σ & & * ( " ,"," ' B * 0! F $FG% # ! ! > ,% BD> µ = µ = µ = = µ = µ % B,> µ ≠ µ C% : + ! α % 2 ! ( ( BD % 6 & -#3 A% 6 (> ) > → & ν = ( − − ) ! " ,","C 4 ( ( # ! -#3 (" '4'81-'#) 1/181-'#)2 8#)'4 8 ', ' """ 'H +,, +, """ +H, +, + """ +H +, + """ +H +, + """ + H I, I """ IH J ) ! > -?K F?K $ % ?K $ %>,"""H ?K $ L%>,""" 8 > I = H 8 > I = ∑I =, =, =, - $,"% ∑∑ I H ∑ I ⋅ I = =, - H - = ∑ $,"C% =, ,"," 1 3 M -#3 & & M $ M * % M $ M + %" 6 L * $BD% ! & L * $B,% "/ L * ! M M ! I H ∑∑ =,  I − I  & >   =, $,"% ) = ) + ) H ∑∑ =,  I − I  = ⋅   =, H ∑  I − I  +   =, ∑∑ (I H =, =, − I ) $,"% N > ? ( @ ? M M + @ ? M M * " ( > $,"A% = − ,","", 3 6 σ & K " 0 L * ( ( ! σ " 1 > H ) = ∑∑ =,  I − I    =, - −, $,"J% )O'" 1 & L * BD & M " ,","" 3 $ % ( $ % ! $-F% ( σ & BD ( " P ∑∑ (I H ) ,",""C = =, =, − I ) $,"N% -−F 3 ( $ % ! $F ,% ( σ BD & & ( &  −  ( (  )  − µ & σ " ⋅ ) = H ∑  I − I    =, $,"P% F −, 2 :& BD & ( ( σ *+ ,"Q & : & σ BD B," ! -#3 (" O724#,",-./0)1213405-6078640'940#216/))0:06;<# )#821 O7242#) $)O% R47)21 /0S14221 $R/% 1 F, = − 2 -F = − '#'/ -, :#-'121340;<# $:3% O7242# 8920# $O8% 1)''T)'06 : = D O724#,"-./0)1213405-6078640'940#216/))0:06;<#)08Q/0:062# :3 )O R/ O8 1 F, = − 2 -F = − '#'/ -, : = ," -./0)1213405-602#0)640'940#)216/))0:06;<# ( & & & "2 & ( = ! > I = µ + α + β + ξ $,",D% > µ ? @ α ? @ β ? L@ ξ ? " $: ,%& L $: % ( > 8 > / I = ∑I =, / $,",,% , 8 L> F I = ∑I =, $,",% F 8 > F I= / ∑∑ I =, =, $,",C% - ,"", ' B * # ! L * ! > ,% B D, > µ," = µ " = """ = µ /" $ L% µ = µ = = µ $ % % > µ > µ C% : + ! α % 2 ! ( ( L * BD, BD > :α/ [(/ −,)& (/ −,)(H −,)] → $ L% :α6 [(H −,)& (/ −,)(H −,)] → $ % % 6 : A% 6 M > %) :/ > : α/ & BD,@ %) :6 > : α6 & BD" ,"" 1 3 M ,""", 3 ( ' = ) = H / ∑∑ =,  I − I    =, ( χ &$%! " $,",% ,""" 3 ( ,U$ % H ∑ 6 = ) 6 = / ⋅  I − I    =, $,",% ) 6 ( χ &$%! " ,"""C 3 ( U$ L% / = )/ = F ⋅ / ∑  I − I    =, $,",A% ( χ &$%! " ,""" 3 ( * 4 = ) = H / ∑∑ =,  I − I − I + I  = ) − ) − ) 6 /   =, $,",J% ( χ & [(/ −,)(F −,)] ! " 2 (& > ) = ) 6 + )/ + ) $,",N% 2 ! (& M ! ( σ & M ( L ! L $BD %" C /⋅ H ∑  I =, )6 = ) / = / ∑  I − I    =, $,",P% $,"D% / −, H = − I   F −, F⋅ ) / ∑∑ =,  I − I − I + I    =, $,",% $F −,% ⋅ $/ −,% O724#,"C-./0)1213405-602#0)640'940#)216/))0:06;<#)08Q/0:062# :3 1 L )O R/ )/ / −, ) / = )/ / −, ) = ) F −, 1 )6 F, 4 (/ −,)⋅ (H −,) '#'/ -, ,"C O8 ) = : :/ = : = ) / ) ) ) ) (/ −,)⋅ (H −,) 6#8Q4;V1)8W/'0Q/)1-'418920) + ! & (& L & (@& L &( & & L " ( & & M K + "1 ( L ) & ! K M + " & & ! ) & -#3& & ! " 3 = ! " ) ( ! & $'H XF & )-F& S )L %& M " ' ( : -#3 ! " ,"C", ' 'H XF $B)2% # B)2 $B X ) ! 2 % ! ! ! -#3& " > ) = I − I ,   + ,   ) $,"% ( $ A& + ,%& F ! -YF! " ) α& (F @ - − F ) & L * BD > µ = µ " ,"C" ' ) - ZF $)-F% # )-F ! 'H XF & + ( ( K F + & K F[ " > )[ = I − I ) , ,   +    $,"C% ( $ A& + ,%& F[ ! - Y F[ ! " ) )[ α& (F[@ - − F[ ) & L * BD > µ = µ " ,"C"C ' S # S ! α & > α S = α $,"% α ! ! + K M " 9 L M Y ( Y ( * ( " # + ( ! > S = I − I , ,  )  +    $,"% ( ) υ ?-YF! " ) S αS & - − F & L * BD > µ = µ " A ,"C" ' )L - -#3 (& )L µ µ ( & (> − ≥ ∆α > , , ∆α = ) ⋅ (F −,)⋅  +  ⋅ :α [(F −,)@ (- − F )]     $,"A% - -#3 (& L& I" − I" ≥ ∆α $ % I " − I " ≥ ∆α $ L% &> 1 >  , ,  (F −,) :α [(F −,)@ (/ −,) (F −,)] ∆α = )  +  " "   $,"J% 1 L>  , ,  ( −,) :α/ [(/ −,)@ (/ −,) (F −,)] ∆α = )  +    " "  $,"N% > "&"K L @ " &"K @ I " & I " L @ I " & I " @ 1+ > ," 1 K & + "6 + ! ! + ( & ! $ ! %> # ,> N&, N&C N&D N&, N& J # > N& N& N& # C> N&N N&J N&P # > N&C N& N& N&C N& N&C N& 3 + ! \" ) (> ,% BD> µ = µ = µ = µ = µ % B,> µ ≠ µ C% α ?D&D % 2 ( ! ( (> H,?,?C -F?,N?, Q > :D&D$C@,%?C&C % 6 :> O724#,"-#378640'940#216/))0:06;<# :#-'121 340;<# )#821 O7242#) R/ O7242# 8920# 1)''T)'06 : 1 D&JC ,?C D&C D&C 4 D& ,N?, D&D,J D&D,J '#'/ D&PJ ,N,?,J =,&P A% 6 (>:G:D&D $C@ ,%?C&C& BD& & + ! " 6 -#3 ! & 'H XF )L " N ' 'H XF > 2 > , = @ = @ C = C@ = A ) = D& D,J@ H = @ D& D ( @ , ) = &,,, I , = N& @ I = N& @ I C = N&N@ I = N& C Q> ) = I − I D& D,J  , ,  +   O724#,"6#8Q4;<#218920)Q1/#'1)'121'7F1]F4814 #Q14.40#) D& D& ( @ , ) ) 6#-6/7)<# , C&C &,,, ( , C N&P, &,,, , ,&JP &,,, ( C &AN &,,, ,&AN &,,, ( C J&AJ &,,, 3 C ! ( ! + (" ' )L > 2 > , = @ = @ C = C@ = A ) = D& D,J@ H = @ :D& D (C@ , ) = C& C I , = N& @ I = N& @ I C = N&N@ I = N& C Q> , , ∆α = D& D,J  +  ( −,)C& C     P O724#,"AY6#8Q4;<#218920)Q1/#'1)'121)6B1::9 − ∆α #Q14.40#) 6#-6/7)<# , D&N D& ( , C D&CD D&A , D& D&, ( C D&C D& D&J D&, ( C D&P D& 3 C ! ( ! + (" " O D,&D&DC D& = ,& C" 2 L * " ( + ! L" ! L * ( + ! " M ( +" 7 α ?D&D" Q41/B# #Q14.40# D, D DC D , JD AD A N J AD AD C J AC N N ) (> ,% BD,> µ = µ = µ $ L% BD> µ = µ = µ = µ $ % % B,,> µ B,> µ C% α ?D&D AD % 2 ( ! ( (> 2 > :α/ (@ A ) = &, :α6 (C@ A ) = &JA % 6 :> O724#,"A-#32#0)640'940#)216/))0:06;<# :#-'121 340;<# )#821 O7242#) R/ & C,? & CNJ&D ,?C ,P&DD C& "C?A C&P ,&D ,,?,, 1 L 1 4 '#'/ O7242# 8920# 1)''T)'06 : & C&P ,P&DD C&P = D&J = C&P, A% 6 M > % 6 :/ = D& J < :α/ = &, & BD,& & ( + ! L$ L%@ % :6 = C& P,> :α6 = &JA & BD& & + ! $ %" # 'H XF )L 3 ( ( L (" - & & 3 + ! " ' 'H XF > 2 > ", = C@ " = C@ " C = C@ " = C I ", = J @ I " = A,@ I "C = AD @ I " = J ) = C& P@ H = @ D& D ( @ A ) = &NPA A, Q> ) = I" − I" C& P  , ,  +  " "  O724#,"J6#8Q4;<#218920)Q1/#'1)'121'7F1]F4814 #Q14.40#) , , C , C C D& D ( @ A ) ) P&A ,D&D ,C&, D&NJ C&D &A &NPA &NPA &NPA &NPA &NPA &NPA 6#-6/7)<# ( ( ( 6 & D, ! " ' )L > 2 > ", = C@ " = C@ " C = C@ " = C I ", = J @ I " = A,@ I "C = AD @ I " = J ) = C& P@ H = @ :D& D $ C@ A % = &JA Q>  , , ∆α = C& P  +  ( −,) &JA = A&,, C C O724#,"N6#8Q4;<#218920)Q1/#'1)'121)6B1::9 #Q14.40#) − ∆α 6#-6/7)<# , ,, A&,, , C , A&,, , , A&,, C , A&,, ( A&,, ( C C A&,, ( 6 & D, ! " ! "##$% & '( $! ) ( * + $% , ' !) - . , , % / ! ' ) ! + ! ) , 0 $!+ % 1 ( 234+"!5"$! +!5$! %%% ! +!5$ 6 ) , ), 37β89β"2! 6 ' ,4 5 = β 8 + β"+ + ! 7"!!%%%! ":%"$ 4 + 7 ' + 2; 5 7 ' 3; β87 < * ! ; β"7 < * ! , ; 7 0 !6' 45 6 β= 8 + β=" + %$ > 6 ) ? < * σ ) 0 6 $! ' , % ":%" @AB ABC 1&@ DE A&@ ACF@ 1& FA&1& 1&@ GHB &@ IJ11&@ & ) ! < β8 β" ! ) 6 ) 4 ∑ =" = ∑[ =" ( =8 + β = "+ 5 − β )] = @ 33 − (@ 23 ) @ 22 ":%$ 4 @337 ) ' 5 @227 ) ' + @237 & @33! @22 @23 ' + K 4 @ 33 = @ 22 = @ 23 = ∑ =" ∑ =" ∑ ="  5  ="     5 −  ∑    + −   +  ="  ∑    + 5 −  ∑ =" ":%>$  +   ":%L$  ∑ 5  =" ":%:$ L 47- ' ,K & ) + K 4 =" = @ 23 = @ 3 β @ 22 @2 ":%$ 4 @3 = @ 33 ! @ 2 = −" @ 22 = −" @ 23 (@ 22 )(@ 33 ) =8 = 3 − β =" 2 β σ = = I ":%M$ ":%N$ = @I ≅ " − % @3 − ":%#$ 4 7 , ; @37 3; @27 6 2; I 7I ; @I 7@ ) ; σ 7 6 % ":% IJOP&DD1BQ3DAB12 0 ( * ! ', β β ! 6 ), 5 + % : =8 + β ="+ 7"!!%%%! = = β 5 ":%"8$ * ), 3 2 ! ! 6 % ":%> RJHOS@TBHBQUCB@ @! ! ) , + 3 2 ! 6 ,K . 2 3! 6 ! ! ( 6 * % , , %H 6 % ,K % ":%>%" R,D { = α β + β  =   = → =  = α → α =   = → =  ":%""$ ":%>% R,+ { = α β +  =   = → =  = α → α =   = β → β =  ":%"$ ":%>%> R,V '0 B  β  = α ±   = α + β    =  ":%">$ ":%>%L R,V '0 BB { = α − β − β  =   = → =  = α → α =   = → =  ":%"L$ ":%>%: R,V '0 BBB { − = α + β  = α + β    = → =  ":%L ":%":$ HUTB@1CBEHWB1X@@P& & 4 5 = β 8 + = "! ! %%%! ":%"$ H 5 < - !β8! ,0 + %&( M ) . , * * + 2% D β8 4 =8 = 3 β ":%"M$ ) 3% ) 4 @I 7@33 ":%"N$ H ( ":%"8$!) ) * ! ( , β=" % H ! β= 8 5 ! ":%"8$! β= 8 ) + 78%H ! ) 4 = ) ( − ":%"#$ < ( ( R @ $% H&C %%!5 7β89β"+ 9 $ ' ! 6 < %%!5 7β89 $% 6 )4 ∑ (3 − 3 ) =" = ∑( = − 3 3 =" ) + ∑( =" = 3 −3 ) ":%8$ " &"'" = " &"'" + " &"'" %% !" #$ !" ":%"$ N D 4 = − =  ( )(  −  −    ":%$ ":%>$ ":%L%"1 ' ,K '' ) ) ' , χ − " ) 6) 6" ' $% ) @I ' , χ Y − " ) 6) Y6" ' $% ) @I ' , χ − Y ) 6) 6Y ' $% ":%L%D * 0 , + ? )? * 0 ' + ? ' +4 "Z V 4 β = 8 + $ ZV"4 β ≠ 8 + $ >ZR + < α LZ1 ( , ( , ' ' , R @ ! Y6"$ ' 6Y$ ' ! ( , 4 # χ Y − " R(Y − "! − Y ) = χ Y − " − Y Y −" = χ − Y χ − Y Y −" ":%L$ −Y 4 R(Y − "! − Y ) = χ Y − " ":%:$ χ − Y ) ) @I ' , χ " ) 6) " ' ) @I ' , χ − ) 6 ) 6 ' $% :ZW ) 4 @I R8 = I Y −" = @I I −Y ":%$ ) ' ,R @ Y6"$ ' 6Y$ ' % ZW 4 R8 > Rα! (Y − "! − Y ) ! ( 6 V8 % D < α! * 0 V8 ( R > Rα! ("; − ) %& ' ) ! ' ,R";6$ ' ! . '' $α% H ) H&C ! * @ I A @I$ . @ I M8 < % , @ I A@I$ @ I @I $ [ [ ) ,@ I < $! * @ I @I $% IJ1&":%"6IJ1&1HUTB@1CBPHWBH&C$ R&HA1 CBOP& @& 1IJ11&@ ="@ 23 @I = β XJ@1 TB/11 6" @I = @I − @I 6Y A&AT @I = @ 33 6" ":%: IJ11& F1B& I I = @I XT @AAG@ABW R R& = I I @I = XT W&RBWBHA1W&TOP& $W&RBWBHA11A BHOP&$ W 6 0 4 @I 7 @I [ @I 6 ' ) 36 4 @I @ 33 = @I − @I @ 33 ":%M$ )@I7@33%1 '6 4 @I @ 33 ="− @I @ 33 ":%N$ ) 0 , ' ' ,K 3 ) + 2 ( %& 0 \"] ' M" + %J 6 H&C'6 ,$!) 8"% = @I ":%#$ @I H ! ) , ! 4 = @I @ 33 = (@ 23 ) @ 22 @ 33 = ":%>8$ & , ρ$ , 6"≤ρ≤9"%@ )* , % & , D $! 4 = @ 23 (@ 22 )(@ 33 ) ":%>"$ & , D 23%A 6 - $% I 7 6"! , ! ) ) 7 "! , %D 78!+ , ! + , % @ 8 ^ ^ 8!M:! + , % @ 8!M: ≤ ^ 8!#8! + , % R ! 8!#8 ≤ ^"!+ , % + , 6 @ $ $ ) M ) ρ ) ' , _ %$":%:%" A * 0 , I , ! * , ρ % 1 !' *! ) + , 2 3% )? * 0 ' , ' +4 "Z V 4 ρ = 8 Z V" 4 ρ ≠ 8 >ZR + < α LZ1 ( ,4 :ZW 4 8 = − " − ":%>$ ) ' , @ υ 7[ ' '* 0 V8 % M> ZW 4 > α ! ( 6 V8 % ":% @JD&@BOS@@@&WB1@& &1T&1X@@P&TBH@B DT@! CT&@@D1&@!&@6D1P& W 6 ) , 2 3 ) 5 = β 8 + β"+ + ! ="! ! %%%! ":%>>$ ) β 8 β" , ! 6 )4 • 2! ! 2 * $; • ' < σ % & ) 4 , β=" β"! (4 ( ) =" = β" β ":%>L$ 1 @ β=" β=" 4 @ β= = " σ = @ 22 = I @ 22 = σ = @ 2 −" ":%>:$ ML , β= 8 β8! (4 ( ) = 8 = β8 β ":%>$ 1 @ β=8 β= 8 4 @ β= ":%M 8 " 2 =σ = %  + @ 22    = I  " 2 +  @ 22     ":%>M$ BHR`HWB@@&/&@DE A&@1& &1T& ":%M%" B , , & , + ) < ! , "6α$ 6 + %@ , ) $ ' < σ= ! < βa $! ' 5 $ 5= $ ' ' ) ' ,K % ! , ' ' , @ % J "88 " 6 α$ b , β8 44   D =8 −  I   ! −      " 2  + @ 22    ≤ 8 ≤ =8 +  I   ! −     " 2  + @ 22        = (" − )b   ":%>N$ 1 ! "88"6α$b , ,β" 4  I I = − =" + D β ≤ β" ≤ β α  α   "  ! −   ! −  @ 22 @ 22        = (" − α )b   ":%>#$ M: ":%M%A * 0 ' < , R )c (6 < * − * * 0 ' − % D * 0 6 4 "Z V 4 β 8 = 8 β 8 ≠ 8  ZV"4 β 8 > 8 β 8 < 8  >ZR + < α LZ1 ( ,4 :ZW 4 8 = =8 β " 2   I  +  @ 22  8 = =8 β @ β= ":%L8$ 8 ) ' , @ υ 7 [ ' '* 0 V8% M ZW K 4 $ > α ! ( 6 V; '$ > α ! ( 6 V; $ < − α ! ( 6 V% @ R @ ! 6 ) H&C4 R = I I ":%L"$ ) ' , R "; 6$ ' ! ' * 0 V8% D < α! ( , V8 4 ":%L$ R8 > Rα! ("! − ) H , β"! R % 6 ) '6 4 = =" β I @ 22 ∴ = β" I % @ 22 = (@ 23 ) (@ 22 ) I ⋅ @ 22 @ 23 ⋅ @ 23 I @ 22 = = I I = R ":%L>$ ":%M%> B , * 0 3+8$ W (3 + 8 ) = β= 8 + β="+ 8 ! "88"6 α$b , 3+8$! 4 MM   D = 58 − α I ! −   "   + (+ 8 ) −2   ≤ (3 +8 ) ≤ = 58 + α I ! − @22   ( )  " + − 2    + 8   = (" − α)b @22     ":%LL$ & , . ) + 8 − 2 % D 3+8$ η8 ! 6 4 = 5 8 − η8 − = I ( " + −2  + 8 @ 22   ) ":%L:$     ":%M%LB , & , ! ! (5 8 ) ' ,K ) ' ! +8% B , 3+8$$ ) * $ ' ,K 3$ ,+8% (5 8 ) ' ,K ' +8 + 4 Y 58 = ∑5 (=" 8( Y ":%L$ )Y- ' ,K % J "88"6α$b , ' ,K ' ) 27+8 4   =8 − α D 5 I ! −   ) 5= 8 = β= 8 + β=" + 8 ( " " + −2  + + 8 @ 22 Y  )   ≤ 58 ≤ 5 =8 + α I ! −   ( " " + − 2  + + 8 @ 22 Y  )   ":%LM$   = (" − α )b   MN I 7" , - ' , ) ' 27+8% & , 2 7 +8 ) , ' ) 27+8! ) , ( ) . ' ,K % ":%NDTBW/BTB111& &1T& ( 6 4 $ . ( '* * ( % F + ; '$ * ! σ $ ; $ * + , ! + ,K + ' ; $ , % J 0+ " ) 2 3 %H )2 ( 3 6 % ,K 2 3 ) . ) ! ., % M# +4 & ( ,K 3$, ' 2$%D ": %& '":%"%D 6 4 $ 23; '$ , D ; $ < β 8 β" ! β 8 β" ! * 0 β 8 β" ; $ + ? < :bH&C$; $ , ; $ , #:b < β 8 β" ; $ , #:b 3! +87N; *$ , #:b 3! +87N% A/T":%"6 H&A@ @AAG@ABW WUTWJT& 1 J &@A TAdB 1 ": TJH&@ 1& DB B& H& 1 @AAG@ABW H&A@1@AAG@ABW H&A@1WUTWJT& 3 2 N8 @,4 $ 2 7L!L8; @ 2 7>!L 3 7:!#8; @ 3 7!NL '$ , D + ":%>"$'6 4 78!#::N $ W ! K IJ1&":%6W&RBWBHA@1X@@P& H& W&RBWBHA W 2 &D1P& !LL:" 8!MN: 8!8M8 8!>M88 @BXHBR% !8N# ""!MML 8!8888 8!8888 = = ! LL:" + 8!MN: 2 D 4 3 $ + ? < :bH&C$ IJ1&":%>6HUTB@1CBEHWB1X@@P& R&HA1 CBOP& A&AT XT " "> "L @& 1 IJ11&@ IJ11& F1B& "8>!>>M #!MM> "">!"888 "8>!>>M 8!M:"> R ">M!:># @BXHBR% 8!888> W 4 D 6 ' ) + ! '' ≤ 8!8"% $ , + ":%#$ ) '6 4 78!#"> N" W 4 ,K + #"!>b ,K ! N!Lb % $ , #:b < β 8 β" + K ":%>N$":%>#$'6 4 IJ1&":%L6BHACT&1W&HRBHODβ #:b$ D < T B T @ β8 β" $ , #:b ! ) +87N + ":%LL$'6 4 D [ N!8" ≤ (3 + 8 = N ) ≤ #!L>M> ] = #:b *$ , #:b !) +87N + ":%LM$'6 4 D ( !M># ≤ 5 8 ≤ "8!M# ) = #:b